FDB Reference

Main driver namespace

Constants

__version__:Current driver version, string.

PyDB API 2.0 globals

apilevel:String constant stating the supported DB API level (2.0).
threadsafety:Integer constant stating the level of thread safety the interface supports. Curretly 1 = Threads may share the module, but not connections.
paramstyle:String constant stating the type of parameter marker formatting expected by the interface. ‘qmark’ = Question mark style, e.g. ‘…WHERE name=?’

Constants for work with driver hooks

  • HOOK_API_LOADED
  • HOOK_DATABASE_ATTACHED
  • HOOK_DATABASE_ATTACH_REQUEST
  • HOOK_DATABASE_DETACH_REQUEST
  • HOOK_DATABASE_CLOSED
  • HOOK_SERVICE_ATTACHED

Helper constants for work with Cursor.description content

  • DESCRIPTION_NAME
  • DESCRIPTION_TYPE_CODE
  • DESCRIPTION_DISPLAY_SIZE
  • DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_SIZE
  • DESCRIPTION_PRECISION
  • DESCRIPTION_SCALE
  • DESCRIPTION_NULL_OK

Helper Transaction Parameter Block (TPB) constants

ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITED_LEGACY:
 R/W WAIT READ COMMITTED NO RECORD VERSION transaction.
ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITED:
 R/W WAIT READ COMMITTED RECORD VERSION transaction.
ISOLATION_LEVEL_REPEATABLE_READ:
 Same as ISOLATION_LEVEL_SNAPSHOT.
ISOLATION_LEVEL_SNAPSHOT:
 R/W WAIT SNAPSHOT transaction.
ISOLATION_LEVEL_SERIALIZABLE:
 R/W WAIT SERIALIZABLE transaction.
ISOLATION_LEVEL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_STABILITY:
 Same as ISOLATION_LEVEL_SERIALIZABLE.
ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITED_RO:
 R/O WAIT READ COMMITTED RECORD VERSION transaction.
MAX_BLOB_SEGMENT_SIZE:
 
charset_map:Python dictionary that maps Firebird character set names (key) to Python character sets (value).

ODS version numbers introduced by Firebird engine version

  • ODS_FB_20
  • ODS_FB_21
  • ODS_FB_25
  • ODS_FB_30

Translation dictionaries

IMPLEMENTATION_NAMES:
 Dictionary to map Implementation codes to names
PROVIDER_NAMES:Dictionary to map provider codes to names
DB_CLASS_NAMES:Dictionary to map database class codes to names

Firebird API constants and globals

  • frb_info_att_charset
  • isc_dpb_activate_shadow
  • isc_dpb_address_path
  • isc_dpb_allocation
  • isc_dpb_begin_log
  • isc_dpb_buffer_length
  • isc_dpb_cache_manager
  • isc_dpb_cdd_pathname
  • isc_dpb_connect_timeout
  • isc_dpb_damaged
  • isc_dpb_dbkey_scope
  • isc_dpb_debug
  • isc_dpb_delete_shadow
  • isc_dpb_dummy_packet_interval
  • isc_dpb_encrypt_key
  • isc_dpb_force_write
  • isc_dpb_garbage_collect
  • isc_dpb_gbak_attach
  • isc_dpb_gfix_attach
  • isc_dpb_gsec_attach
  • isc_dpb_gstat_attach
  • isc_dpb_interp
  • isc_dpb_lc_ctype
  • isc_dpb_lc_messages
  • isc_dpb_no_garbage_collect
  • isc_dpb_no_reserve
  • isc_dpb_num_buffers
  • isc_dpb_number_of_users
  • isc_dpb_old_dump_id
  • isc_dpb_old_file
  • isc_dpb_old_file_size
  • isc_dpb_old_num_files
  • isc_dpb_old_start_file
  • isc_dpb_old_start_page
  • isc_dpb_old_start_seqno
  • isc_dpb_online
  • isc_dpb_online_dump
  • isc_dpb_overwrite
  • isc_dpb_page_size
  • isc_dpb_password
  • isc_dpb_password_enc
  • isc_dpb_reserved
  • isc_dpb_sec_attach
  • isc_dpb_set_db_charset
  • isc_dpb_set_db_readonly
  • isc_dpb_set_db_sql_dialect
  • isc_dpb_set_page_buffers
  • isc_dpb_shutdown
  • isc_dpb_shutdown_delay
  • isc_dpb_sql_dialect
  • isc_dpb_sql_role_name
  • isc_dpb_sweep
  • isc_dpb_sweep_interval
  • isc_dpb_sys_user_name
  • isc_dpb_sys_user_name_enc
  • isc_dpb_trace
  • isc_dpb_user_name
  • isc_dpb_verify
  • isc_dpb_version1
  • isc_dpb_working_directory
  • isc_dpb_no_db_triggers
  • isc_dpb_nolinger,
  • isc_info_active_tran_count
  • isc_info_end
  • isc_info_truncated
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_type
  • isc_info_sql_get_plan
  • isc_info_sql_records
  • isc_info_req_select_count
  • isc_info_req_insert_count
  • isc_info_req_update_count
  • isc_info_req_delete_count
  • isc_info_blob_total_length
  • isc_info_blob_max_segment
  • isc_info_blob_type
  • isc_info_blob_num_segments
  • fb_info_page_contents
  • isc_info_active_transactions
  • isc_info_allocation
  • isc_info_attachment_id
  • isc_info_backout_count
  • isc_info_base_level
  • isc_info_bpage_errors
  • isc_info_creation_date
  • isc_info_current_memory
  • isc_info_db_class
  • isc_info_db_id
  • isc_info_db_provider
  • isc_info_db_read_only
  • isc_info_db_size_in_pages
  • isc_info_db_sql_dialect
  • isc_info_delete_count
  • isc_info_dpage_errors
  • isc_info_expunge_count
  • isc_info_fetches
  • isc_info_firebird_version
  • isc_info_forced_writes
  • isc_info_implementation
  • isc_info_insert_count
  • isc_info_ipage_errors
  • isc_info_isc_version
  • isc_info_limbo
  • isc_info_marks
  • isc_info_max_memory
  • isc_info_next_transaction
  • isc_info_no_reserve
  • isc_info_num_buffers
  • isc_info_ods_minor_version
  • isc_info_ods_version
  • isc_info_oldest_active
  • isc_info_oldest_snapshot
  • isc_info_oldest_transaction
  • isc_info_page_errors
  • isc_info_page_size
  • isc_info_ppage_errors
  • isc_info_purge_count
  • isc_info_read_idx_count
  • isc_info_read_seq_count
  • isc_info_reads
  • isc_info_record_errors
  • isc_info_set_page_buffers
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_commit
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_ddl
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_delete
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_exec_procedure
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_get_segment
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_insert
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_put_segment
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_rollback
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_savepoint
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_select
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_select_for_upd
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_set_generator
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_start_trans
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_update
  • isc_info_sweep_interval
  • isc_info_tpage_errors
  • isc_info_tra_access
  • isc_info_tra_concurrency
  • isc_info_tra_consistency
  • isc_info_tra_id
  • isc_info_tra_isolation
  • isc_info_tra_lock_timeout
  • isc_info_tra_no_rec_version
  • isc_info_tra_oldest_active
  • isc_info_tra_oldest_interesting
  • isc_info_tra_oldest_snapshot
  • isc_info_tra_read_committed
  • isc_info_tra_readonly
  • isc_info_tra_readwrite
  • isc_info_tra_rec_version
  • fb_info_tra_dbpath
  • isc_info_update_count
  • isc_info_user_names
  • isc_info_version
  • isc_info_writes
  • isc_tpb_autocommit
  • isc_dpb_version2
  • fb_info_implementation
  • fb_info_page_warns
  • fb_info_record_warns
  • fb_info_bpage_warns
  • fb_info_dpage_warns
  • fb_info_ipage_warns
  • fb_info_ppage_warns
  • fb_info_tpage_warns
  • fb_info_pip_errors
  • fb_info_pip_warns
  • isc_tpb_commit_time
  • isc_tpb_concurrency
  • isc_tpb_consistency
  • isc_tpb_exclusive
  • isc_tpb_ignore_limbo
  • isc_tpb_lock_read
  • isc_tpb_lock_timeout
  • isc_tpb_lock_write
  • isc_tpb_no_auto_undo
  • isc_tpb_no_rec_version
  • isc_tpb_nowait
  • isc_tpb_protected
  • isc_tpb_read
  • isc_tpb_read_committed
  • isc_tpb_rec_version
  • isc_tpb_restart_requests
  • isc_tpb_shared
  • isc_tpb_verb_time
  • isc_tpb_version3
  • isc_tpb_wait
  • isc_tpb_write
  • charset_map
  • XSQLDA_PTR
  • ISC_SHORT
  • ISC_LONG
  • ISC_SCHAR
  • ISC_UCHAR
  • ISC_QUAD
  • ISC_DATE
  • ISC_TIME
  • SHRT_MIN
  • SHRT_MAX
  • USHRT_MAX
  • INT_MIN
  • INT_MAX
  • LONG_MIN
  • LONG_MAX
  • SQL_TEXT
  • SQL_VARYING
  • SQL_SHORT
  • SQL_LONG
  • SQL_FLOAT
  • SQL_DOUBLE
  • SQL_D_FLOAT
  • SQL_TIMESTAMP
  • SQL_BLOB
  • SQL_ARRAY
  • SQL_QUAD
  • SQL_TYPE_TIME
  • SQL_TYPE_DATE
  • SQL_INT64
  • SQL_BOOLEAN
  • SUBTYPE_NUMERIC
  • SUBTYPE_DECIMAL
  • MAX_BLOB_SEGMENT_SIZE
  • ISC_INT64
  • XSQLVAR
  • ISC_TEB
  • RESULT_VECTOR
  • ISC_STATUS
  • ISC_STATUS_ARRAY
  • ISC_STATUS_PTR
  • ISC_EVENT_CALLBACK
  • ISC_ARRAY_DESC
  • blr_varying
  • blr_varying2
  • blr_text
  • blr_text2
  • blr_short
  • blr_long
  • blr_int64
  • blr_float
  • blr_d_float
  • blr_double
  • blr_timestamp
  • blr_sql_date
  • blr_sql_time
  • blr_cstring
  • blr_quad
  • blr_blob
  • blr_bool
  • SQLDA_version1
  • isc_segment
  • isc_db_handle
  • isc_tr_handle
  • isc_stmt_handle
  • isc_blob_handle
  • sys_encoding

Exceptions

exception fdb.Error

Bases: exceptions.Exception

Exception that is the base class of all other error exceptions. You can use this to catch all errors with one single ‘except’ statement. Warnings are not considered errors and thus should not use this class as base.

exception fdb.InterfaceError

Bases: fdb.fbcore.Error

Exception raised for errors that are related to the database interface rather than the database itself.

exception fdb.DatabaseError

Bases: fdb.fbcore.Error

Exception raised for errors that are related to the database.

exception fdb.DataError

Bases: fdb.fbcore.DatabaseError

Exception raised for errors that are due to problems with the processed data like division by zero, numeric value out of range, etc.

exception fdb.OperationalError

Bases: fdb.fbcore.DatabaseError

Exception raised for errors that are related to the database’s operation and not necessarily under the control of the programmer, e.g. an unexpected disconnect occurs, the data source name is not found, a transaction could not be processed, a memory allocation error occurred during processing, etc.

exception fdb.IntegrityError

Bases: fdb.fbcore.DatabaseError

Exception raised when the relational integrity of the database is affected, e.g. a foreign key check fails.

exception fdb.InternalError

Bases: fdb.fbcore.DatabaseError

Exception raised when the database encounters an internal error, e.g. the cursor is not valid anymore, the transaction is out of sync, etc.

exception fdb.ProgrammingError

Bases: fdb.fbcore.DatabaseError

Exception raised for programming errors, e.g. table not found or already exists, syntax error in the SQL statement, wrong number of parameters specified, etc.

exception fdb.NotSupportedError

Bases: fdb.fbcore.DatabaseError

Exception raised in case a method or database API was used which is not supported by the database

exception fdb.TransactionConflict

Bases: fdb.fbcore.DatabaseError

exception fdb.ParseError

Bases: exceptions.Exception

This is the exception inheritance layout:

StandardError
|__Warning
|__Error
   |__InterfaceError
   |__ParseError
   |__DatabaseError
      |__DataError
      |__OperationalError
      |__IntegrityError
      |__InternalError
      |__ProgrammingError
      |__NotSupportedError

Functions

connect

fdb.connect(dsn='', user=None, password=None, host=None, port=None, database=None, sql_dialect=3, role=None, charset=None, buffers=None, force_write=None, no_reserve=None, db_key_scope=None, isolation_level='\x03\t\x06\x0f\x11', connection_class=None, fb_library_name=None, no_gc=None, no_db_triggers=None, no_linger=None)

Establish a connection to database.

Parameters:
  • dsn – Connection string in format [host[/port]]:database
  • user (string) – User name. If not specified, fdb attempts to use ISC_USER envar.
  • password (string) – User password. If not specified, fdb attempts to use ISC_PASSWORD envar.
  • host (string) – Server host machine specification.
  • port (integer) – Port used by Firebird server.
  • database (string) – Database specification (file spec. or alias)
  • sql_dialect – SQL Dialect for connection.
  • role (string) – User role.
  • charset (string) – Character set for connection.
  • buffers (integer) – Page case size override for connection.
  • force_writes (integer) – Forced writes override for connection.
  • no_reserve (integer) – Page space reservation override for connection.
  • db_key_scope (integer) – DBKEY scope override for connection.
  • isolation_level (0, 1, 2 or 3) – Default transaction isolation level for connection (not used).
  • connection_class (subclass of Connection) – Custom connection class
  • fb_library_name (string) – Full path to Firebird client library. See load_api() for details.
  • no_gc (integer) – No Garbage Collection flag.
  • no_db_triggers (integer) – No database triggers flag (FB 2.1).
  • no_linger (integer) – No linger flag (FB3).
Returns:

Connection to database.

Return type:

Connection instance.

Raises:

Important

You may specify the database using either dns or database (with optional host), but not both.

Examples:

con = fdb.connect(dsn='host:/path/database.fdb', user='sysdba',
                  password='pass', charset='UTF8')
con = fdb.connect(host='myhost', database='/path/database.fdb',
                  user='sysdba', password='pass', charset='UTF8')

Hooks:

Event HOOK_DATABASE_ATTACH_REQUEST: Executed after all parameters are preprocessed and before Connection is created. Hook must have signature: hook_func(dsn, dpb) where dpb is ParameterBuffer instance.

Hook may return Connection (or subclass) instance or None. First instance returned by any hook will become the return value of this function and other hooks are not called.

Event HOOK_DATABASE_ATTACHED: Executed before Connection (or subclass) instance is returned. Hook must have signature: hook_func(connection). Any value returned by hook is ignored.

create_database

fdb.create_database(sql='', sql_dialect=3, dsn='', user=None, password=None, host=None, port=None, database=None, page_size=None, length=None, charset=None, files=None, connection_class=None, fb_library_name=None)

Creates a new database. Parameters could be specified either by supplied “CREATE DATABASE” statement, or set of database parameters.

Parameters:
  • sql – “CREATE DATABASE” statement.
  • sql_dialect (1 or 3) – SQL Dialect for newly created database.
  • dsn – Connection string in format [host[/port]]:database
  • user (string) – User name. If not specified, fdb attempts to use ISC_USER envar.
  • password (string) – User password. If not specified, fdb attempts to use ISC_PASSWORD envar.
  • host (string) – Server host machine specification.
  • port (integer) – Port used by Firebird server.
  • database (string) – Database specification (file spec. or alias)
  • page_size (integer) – Database page size.
  • length (integer) – Database size in pages.
  • charset (string) – Character set for connection.
  • files (string) – Specification of secondary database files.
  • connection_class (subclass of Connection) – Custom connection class
  • fb_library_name (string) – Full path to Firebird client library. See load_api() for details.
Returns:

Connection to the newly created database.

Return type:

Connection instance.

Raises:

Example:

con = fdb.create_database("create database '/temp/db.fdb' user 'sysdba' password 'pass'")
con = fdb.create_database(dsn='/temp/db.fdb',user='sysdba',password='pass',page_size=8192)

Hooks:

Event` HOOK_DATABASE_ATTACHED`: Executed before Connection (or subclass) instance is returned. Hook must have signature: hook_func(connection). Any value returned by hook is ignored.

load_api

fdb.load_api(fb_library_name=None)

Initializes bindings to Firebird Client Library unless they are already initialized. Called automatically by fdb.connect() and fdb.create_database().

Parameters:fb_library_name (string) – (optional) Path to Firebird Client Library. When it’s not specified, FDB does its best to locate appropriate client library.
Returns:fdb.ibase.fbclient_API instance.

Hooks:

Event HOOK_API_LOADED: Executed after api is initialized. Hook routine must have signature: hook_func(api). Any value returned by hook is ignored.

Classes

Connection

class fdb.Connection(db_handle, dpb=None, sql_dialect=3, charset=None, isolation_level='x03tx06x0fx11')

Represents a connection between the database client (the Python process) and the database server.

Important

DO NOT create instances of this class directly! Use only connect() or create_database() to get Connection instances.

Parameters:
  • db_handle – Database handle provided by factory function.
  • dpb – Database Parameter Block associated with database handle.
  • sql_dialect (integer) – SQL Dialect associated with database handle.
  • charset (string) – Character set associated with database handle.
exception DataError

Exception raised for errors that are due to problems with the processed data like division by zero, numeric value out of range, etc.

args
message
exception DatabaseError

Exception raised for errors that are related to the database.

args
message
exception Error

Exception that is the base class of all other error exceptions. You can use this to catch all errors with one single ‘except’ statement. Warnings are not considered errors and thus should not use this class as base.

args
message
exception IntegrityError

Exception raised when the relational integrity of the database is affected, e.g. a foreign key check fails.

args
message
exception InterfaceError

Exception raised for errors that are related to the database interface rather than the database itself.

args
message
exception InternalError

Exception raised when the database encounters an internal error, e.g. the cursor is not valid anymore, the transaction is out of sync, etc.

args
message
exception NotSupportedError

Exception raised in case a method or database API was used which is not supported by the database

args
message
exception OperationalError

Exception raised for errors that are related to the database’s operation and not necessarily under the control of the programmer, e.g. an unexpected disconnect occurs, the data source name is not found, a transaction could not be processed, a memory allocation error occurred during processing, etc.

args
message
exception ProgrammingError

Exception raised for programming errors, e.g. table not found or already exists, syntax error in the SQL statement, wrong number of parameters specified, etc.

args
message
exception Warning

Base class for warning categories.

args
message
begin(tpb=None)

Starts a transaction explicitly. Operates on main_transaction. See Transaction.begin() for details.

Parameters:tpb (TPB instance, list/tuple of isc_tpb_* constants or bytestring) – (Optional) Transaction Parameter Buffer for newly started transaction. If not specified, default_tpb is used.
close()

Close the connection now (rather than whenever __del__ is called). The connection will be unusable from this point forward; an Error (or subclass) exception will be raised if any operation is attempted with the connection. The same applies to all cursor and transaction objects trying to use the connection.

Also closes all EventConduit, Cursor and Transaction instances associated with this connection.

Raises:ProgrammingError – When connection is a member of a ConnectionGroup.

Hooks:

Event HOOK_DATABASE_DETACH_REQUEST: Executed before connection is closed. Hook must have signature: hook_func(connection). If any hook function returns True, connection is not closed.

Event HOOK_DATABASE_CLOSED: Executed after connection is closed. Hook must have signature: hook_func(connection). Any value returned by hook is ignored.

commit(retaining=False)

Commit pending transaction to the database. Operates on main_transaction. See Transaction.commit() for details.

Parameters:retaining (boolean) – (Optional) Indicates whether the transactional context of the transaction being resolved should be recycled.
Raises:ProgrammingError – If Connection is closed.
cursor()

Return a new Cursor instance using the connection associated with main_transaction. See Transaction.cursor() for details.

Raises:ProgrammingError – If Connection is closed.
database_info(info_code, result_type, page_number=None)

Wraps the Firebird C API function isc_database_info.

For documentation, see the IB 6 API Guide section entitled “Requesting information about an attachment” (p. 51).

Note that this method is a VERY THIN wrapper around the FB C API function isc_database_info. This method does NOT attempt to interpret its results except with regard to whether they are a string or an integer.

For example, requesting isc_info_user_names will return a string containing a raw succession of length-name pairs. A thicker wrapper might interpret those raw results and return a Python tuple, but it would need to handle a multitude of special cases in order to cover all possible isc_info_* items.

Parameters:
  • info_code (integer) – One of the isc_info_* constants.
  • result_type (string) – Must be either ‘b’ if you expect a binary string result, or ‘i’ if you expect an integer result.
  • page_number (integer) – Page number for fb_info_page_contents info code.
Raises:
  • DatabaseError – When error is returned from server.
  • OperationalError – When returned information is bigger than SHRT_MAX.
  • InternalError – On unexpected processing condition.
  • ValueError – On illegal result_type value.

See also

Extracting data with the database_info function is rather clumsy. See db_info() for higher-level means of accessing the same information.

Note

Some of the information available through this method would be more easily retrieved with the Services API (see submodule fdb.services).

db_info(request)

Higher-level convenience wrapper around the database_info() method that parses the output of database_info into Python-friendly objects instead of returning raw binary buffers in the case of complex result types.

Parameters:

request – Single fdb.isc_info_* info request code or a sequence of such codes.

Returns:

Mapping of (info request code -> result).

Raises:
  • ValueError – When requested code is not recognized.
  • OperationalError – On unexpected processing condition.
drop_database()

Drops the database to which this connection is attached.

Unlike plain file deletion, this method behaves responsibly, in that it removes shadow files and other ancillary files for this database.

Raises:
event_conduit(event_names)

Creates a conduit through which database event notifications will flow into the Python program.

Parameters:event_names – A sequence of string event names.
Returns:An EventConduit instance.
execute_immediate(sql)

Executes a statement in context of main_transaction without caching its prepared form.

Automatically starts transaction if it’s not already started.

Parameters:sql (string) – SQL statement to execute.

Important

The statement must not be of a type that returns a result set. In most cases (especially cases in which the same statement – perhaps a parameterized statement – is executed repeatedly), it is better to create a cursor using the connection’s cursor method, then execute the statement using one of the cursor’s execute methods.

Parameters:

sql (string) – SQL statement to execute.

Raises:
get_active_transaction_count()

Return count of currently active transactions.

get_active_transaction_ids()

Return list of transaction IDs for all currently active transactions.

get_page_contents(page_number)

Return content of specified database page as binary string.

Parameters:page_number (int) – Page sequence number.
get_table_access_stats()

Return current stats for access to tables.

Returns:List of fbcore._TableAccessStats instances.
isreadonly()

Returns True if database is read-only.

rollback(retaining=False, savepoint=None)

Causes the the database to roll back to the start of pending transaction. Operates on main_transaction. See Transaction.rollback() for details.

Parameters:
  • retaining (boolean) – (Optional) Indicates whether the transactional context of the transaction being resolved should be recycled.
  • savepoint (string) – (Optional) Causes the transaction to roll back only as far as the designated savepoint, rather than rolling back entirely.
Raises:

ProgrammingError – If Connection is closed.

savepoint(name)

Establishes a named SAVEPOINT for current transaction. Operates on main_transaction. See Transaction.savepoint() for details.

Parameters:name (string) – Name for savepoint.
Raises:ProgrammingError – If Connection is closed.

Example:

con.savepoint('BEGINNING_OF_SOME_SUBTASK')
...
con.rollback(savepoint='BEGINNING_OF_SOME_SUBTASK')
trans(default_tpb=None)

Creates a new Transaction that operates within the context of this connection. Cursors can be created within that Transaction via its cursor() method.

Parameters:default_tpb (TPB instance, list/tuple of isc_tpb_* constants or bytestring) – (optional) Transaction Parameter Block for newly created Transaction. If not specified, default_tpb is used.
Raises:ProgrammingError – If Connection is closed.
trans_info(request)

Pythonic wrapper around transaction_info() call. Operates on main_transaction. See Transaction.trans_info() for details.

transaction_info(info_code, result_type)

Returns information about active transaction. Thin wrapper around Firebird API isc_transaction_info call. Operates on main_transaction. See Transaction.transaction_info() for details.

attachment_id
charset
closed
creation_date
current_memory
database_name
database_sql_dialect
db_class_id
default_tpb
engine_version
firebird_version
forced_writes
group
implementation_id
io_stats
main_transaction
max_memory
monitor
next_transaction
oat
ods
ods_minor_version
ods_version
oit
ost
page_cache_size
page_size
pages_allocated
provider_id
query_transaction
schema
server_version
site_name
space_reservation
sql_dialect
sweep_interval
transactions
version

ConnectionWithSchema

class fdb.ConnectionWithSchema(db_handle, dpb=None, sql_dialect=3, charset=None, isolation_level='x03tx06x0fx11')

Connection descendant that exposes all attributes of encapsulated Schema instance directly as connection attributes, except close() and bind(), and those attributes that are already defined by Connection class.

Note

Use connection_class parametr of connect() or create_database() to create connections with direct schema interface.

Note

For list of methods see fdb.schema.Schema.

Cursor

class fdb.Cursor(connection, transaction)

Represents a database cursor, which is used to execute SQL statement and manage the context of a fetch operation.

Important

DO NOT create instances of this class directly! Use only Connection.cursor(), Transaction.cursor() and ConnectionGroup.cursor() to get Cursor instances that operate in desired context.

Note

Cursor is actually a high-level wrapper around PreparedStatement instance(s) that handle the actual SQL statement execution and result management.

Tip

Cursor supports the iterator protocol, yielding tuples of values like fetchone().

Important

The association between a Cursor and its Transaction and Connection is set when the Cursor is created, and cannot be changed during the lifetime of that Cursor.

Parameters:
  • connectionConnection instance this cursor should be bound to.
  • transactionTransaction instance this cursor should be bound to.
callproc(procname, parameters=None)

Call a stored database procedure with the given name.

The result of the call is available through the standard fetchXXX() methods.

Parameters:
  • procname (string) – Stored procedure name.
  • parameters (List or Tuple) – (Optional) Sequence of parameters. Must contain one entry for each argument that the procedure expects.
Returns:

parameters, as required by Python DB API 2.0 Spec.

Raises:
  • TypeError – When parameters is not List or Tuple.
  • ProgrammingError – When more parameters than expected are suplied.
  • DatabaseError – When error is returned by server.
close()

Close the cursor now (rather than whenever __del__ is called).

Closes any currently open PreparedStatement. However, the cursor is still bound to Connection and Transaction, so it could be still used to execute SQL statements.

Warning

FDB’s implementation of Cursor somewhat violates the Python DB API 2.0, which requires that cursor will be unusable after call to close; and an Error (or subclass) exception should be raised if any operation is attempted with the cursor.

If you’ll take advantage of this anomaly, your code would be less portable to other Python DB API 2.0 compliant drivers.

execute(operation, parameters=None)

Prepare and execute a database operation (query or command).

Note

Execution is handled by PreparedStatement that is either supplied as operation parameter, or created internally when operation is a string. Internally created PreparedStatements are stored in cache for later reuse, when the same operation string is used again.

Returns:

self, so call to execute could be used as iterator.

Parameters:
  • operation (string or PreparedStatement instance) – SQL command specification.
  • parameters (List or Tuple) – (Optional) Sequence of parameters. Must contain one entry for each argument that the operation expects.
Raises:
  • ValueError – When operation PreparedStatement belongs to different Cursor instance.
  • TypeError – When parameters is not List or Tuple.
  • ProgrammingError – When more parameters than expected are suplied.
  • DatabaseError – When error is returned by server.
executemany(operation, seq_of_parameters)

Prepare a database operation (query or command) and then execute it against all parameter sequences or mappings found in the sequence seq_of_parameters.

Note

This function simply calls execute() in a loop, feeding it with parameters from seq_of_parameters. Because execute caches PreparedStatements, calling executemany is equally efective as direct use of prepared statement and calling execute in a loop directly in application.

Returns:

self, so call to executemany could be used as iterator.

Parameters:
  • operation (string or PreparedStatement instance) – SQL command specification.
  • seq_of_parameters (List or Tuple) – Sequence of sequences of parameters. Must contain one sequence of parameters for each execution that has one entry for each argument that the operation expects.
Raises:
  • ValueError – When operation PreparedStatement belongs to different Cursor instance.
  • TypeError – When seq_of_parameters is not List or Tuple.
  • ProgrammingError – When there are more parameters in any sequence than expected.
  • DatabaseError – When error is returned by server.
fetchall()

Fetch all (remaining) rows of a query result.

Returns:

List of tuples, where each tuple is one row of returned values.

Raises:
fetchallmap()

Fetch all (remaining) rows of a query result like fetchall(), except that it returns a list of mappings of field name to field value, rather than a list of tuples.

Returns:

List of fbcore._RowMapping instances, one such instance for each row.

Raises:
fetchmany(size=1)

Fetch the next set of rows of a query result, returning a sequence of sequences (e.g. a list of tuples). An empty sequence is returned when no more rows are available. The number of rows to fetch per call is specified by the parameter. If it is not given, the cursor’s arraysize determines the number of rows to be fetched. The method does try to fetch as many rows as indicated by the size parameter. If this is not possible due to the specified number of rows not being available, fewer rows may be returned.

Parameters:

size (integer) – Max. number of rows to fetch.

Returns:

List of tuples, where each tuple is one row of returned values.

Raises:
fetchmanymap(size=1)

Fetch the next set of rows of a query result, like fetchmany(), except that it returns a list of mappings of field name to field value, rather than a list of tuples.

Parameters:

size (integer) – Max. number of rows to fetch.

Returns:

List of fbcore._RowMapping instances, one such instance for each row.

Raises:
fetchone()

Fetch the next row of a query result set.

Returns:

tuple of returned values, or None when no more data is available.

Raises:
fetchonemap()

Fetch the next row of a query result set like fetchone(), except that it returns a mapping of field name to field value, rather than a tuple.

Returns:

fbcore._RowMapping of returned values, or None when no more data is available.

Raises:
iter()

Equivalent to the fetchall(), except that it returns iterator rather than materialized list.

Returns:Iterator that yields tuple of values like fetchone().
itermap()

Equivalent to the fetchallmap(), except that it returns iterator rather than materialized list.

Returns:Iterator that yields fbcore._RowMapping instance like fetchonemap().
next()

Return the next item from the container. Part of iterator protocol.

Raises:StopIteration – If there are no further items.
prep(operation)

Create prepared statement for repeated execution.

Note

Returned PreparedStatement instance is bound to its Cursor instance via strong reference, and is not stored in Cursor’s internal cache of prepared statements.

Parameters:

operation (string) – SQL command

Returns:

PreparedStatement instance.

Raises:
set_stream_blob(blob_name)

Specify a BLOB column(s) to work in stream mode instead classic, materialized mode for already executed statement.

Parameters:blob_name (string or list) – Single name or sequence of column names. Name must be in format as it’s stored in database (refer to description for real value).

Important

BLOB name is permanently added to the list of BLOBs handled as stream BLOBs by current PreparedStatement instance. If instance is stored in internal cache of prepared statements, the same command executed repeatedly will retain this setting.

Parameters:blob_name (string) – Name of BLOB column.
Raises:ProgrammingError
set_stream_blob_treshold(size)

Specify max. blob size for materialized blobs. If size of particular blob exceeds this threshold, returns streamed blob (BlobReader) instead string. Value -1 means no size limit (use at your own risk). Default value is 64K

Parameters:size (integer) – Max. size for materialized blob.
setinputsizes(sizes)

Required by Python DB API 2.0, but pointless for Firebird, so it does nothing.

setoutputsize(size, column=None)

Required by Python DB API 2.0, but pointless for Firebird, so it does nothing.

arraysize = 1
connection
description
name
plan
rowcount
transaction

Transaction

class fdb.Transaction(connections, default_tpb=None, default_action='commit')

Represents a transaction context, which is used to execute SQL statement.

Important

DO NOT create instances of this class directly! Connection and ConnectionGroup manage Transaction internally, surfacing all important methods directly in their interfaces. If you want additional transactions independent from Connection.main_transaction, use Connection.trans() method to obtain such Transaction instance.

Parameters:
  • connections (iterable) – Sequence of (up to 16) Connection instances.
  • default_tpb (TPB instance, list/tuple of isc_tpb_* constants or bytestring) – Transaction Parameter Block for this transaction. If None is specified, uses ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITED.
  • default_action (string 'commit' or 'rollback') – Action taken when active transaction is ended automatically (during close() or begin()).
Raises:

ProgrammingError – When zero or more than 16 connections are given.

begin(tpb=None)

Starts a transaction explicitly.

Parameters:tpb (TPB instance, list/tuple of isc_tpb_* constants or bytestring) – (optional) Transaction Parameter Block for newly created Transaction. If not specified, default_tpb is used.

Note

Calling this method directly is never required; a transaction will be started implicitly if necessary.

Important

If the physical transaction is unresolved when this method is called, a commit() or rollback() will be performed first, accordingly to default_action value.

Raises:
close()

Permanently closes the Transaction object and severs its associations with other objects (Cursor and Connection instances).

Important

If the physical transaction is unresolved when this method is called, a commit() or rollback() will be performed first, accordingly to default_action value.

commit(retaining=False)

Commit any pending transaction to the database.

Note

If transaction is not active, this method does nothing, because the consensus among Python DB API experts is that transactions should always be started implicitly, even if that means allowing a commit() or rollback() without an actual transaction.

Parameters:retaining (boolean) – Indicates whether the transactional context of the transaction being resolved should be recycled.
Raises:DatabaseError – When error is returned by server as response to commit.
cursor(connection=None)

Creates a new Cursor that will operate in the context of this Transaction.

Parameters:connection (Connection instance) – Required only when Transaction is bound to multiple Connections, to specify to which Connection the returned Cursor should be bound.
Raises:ProgrammingError – When transaction operates on multiple Connections and: connection parameter is not specified, or specified connection is not among Connections this Transaction is bound to.
execute_immediate(sql)
Executes a statement without caching its prepared form on
all connections this transaction is bound to.

Automatically starts transaction if it’s not already started.

Parameters:sql (string) – SQL statement to execute.

Important

The statement must not be of a type that returns a result set. In most cases (especially cases in which the same statement – perhaps a parameterized statement – is executed repeatedly), it is better to create a cursor using the connection’s cursor method, then execute the statement using one of the cursor’s execute methods.

Parameters:sql (string) – SQL statement to execute.
Raises:DatabaseError – When error is returned from server.
isreadonly()

Returns True if transaction is Read Only.

prepare()

Manually triggers the first phase of a two-phase commit (2PC).

Note

Direct use of this method is optional; if preparation is not triggered manually, it will be performed implicitly by commit() in a 2PC.

rollback(retaining=False, savepoint=None)

Rollback any pending transaction to the database.

Note

If transaction is not active, this method does nothing, because the consensus among Python DB API experts is that transactions should always be started implicitly, even if that means allowing a commit() or rollback() without an actual transaction.

Parameters:
  • retaining (boolean) – Indicates whether the transactional context of the transaction being resolved should be recycled. Mutually exclusive with ‘savepoint`.
  • savepoint (string) – Savepoint name. Causes the transaction to roll back only as far as the designated savepoint, rather than rolling back entirely. Mutually exclusive with ‘retaining`.
Raises:
  • ProgrammingError – If both savepoint and retaining are specified.
  • DatabaseError – When error is returned by server as response to rollback.
savepoint(name)

Establishes a savepoint with the specified name.

Note

If transaction is bound to multiple connections, savepoint is created on all of them.

Important

Because savepoint is created not through Firebird API (there is no such API call), but by executing SAVEPOINT <name> SQL statement, calling this method starts the transaction if it was not yet started.

Parameters:name (string) – Savepoint name.
trans_info(request)

Pythonic wrapper around transaction_info() call.

Parameters:request – One or more information request codes (see transaction_info() for details). Multiple codes must be passed as tuple.
Returns:Decoded response(s) for specified request code(s). When multiple requests are passed, returns a dictionary where key is the request code and value is the response from server.
transaction_info(info_code, result_type)

Return information about active transaction.

This is very thin wrapper around Firebird API isc_transaction_info call.

Parameters:
  • info_code (integer) – One from the isc_info_tra_* constants.
  • result_type ('b' for binary string or 'i' for integer) – Code for result type.
Raises:
  • ProgrammingError – If transaction is not active.
  • OperationalError – When result is too large to fit into buffer of size SHRT_MAX.
  • InternalError – On unexpected processing condition.
  • ValueError – When illegal result type code is specified.
active
closed
cursors
default_action
default_tpb = '\x03\t\x06\x0f\x11'
isolation
lock_timeout
oat
oit
ost
transaction_id

PreparedStatement

class fdb.PreparedStatement(operation, cursor, internal=True)

Represents a prepared statement, an “inner” database cursor, which is used to manage the SQL statement execution and context of a fetch operation.

Important

DO NOT create instances of this class directly! Use only Cursor.prep() to get PreparedStatement instances.

Note

PreparedStatements are bound to Cursor instance that created them, and using them with other Cursor would report an error.

close()

Drops the resources associated with executed prepared statement, but keeps it prepared for another execution.

set_stream_blob(blob_spec)

Specify a BLOB column(s) to work in stream mode instead classic, materialized mode.

Parameters:blob_spec (string or list) – Single name or sequence of column names. Name must be in format as it’s stored in database (refer to description for real value).

Important

BLOB name is permanently added to the list of BLOBs handled as stream BLOBs by this instance.

Parameters:blob_spec (string) – Name of BLOB column.
set_stream_blob_treshold(size)

Specify max. blob size for materialized blobs. If size of particular blob exceeds this threshold, returns streamed blob (BlobReader) instead string. Value -1 means no size limit (use at your own risk). Default value is 64K

Parameters:size (integer) – Max. size for materialized blob.
NO_FETCH_ATTEMPTED_YET = -1
RESULT_SET_EXHAUSTED = 100
closed
cursor = None
description
n_input_params = 0
n_output_params = 0
name
plan
rowcount
sql
statement_type = 0

ConnectionGroup

class fdb.ConnectionGroup(connections=())

Manager for distributed transactions, i.e. transactions that span multiple databases.

Tip

ConnectionGroup supports in operator to check membership of connections.

Parameters:connections (iterable) – Sequence of Connection instances.

See also

See add() for list of exceptions the constructor may throw.

add(con)

Adds active connection to the group.

Parameters:

con – A Connection instance to add to this group.

Raises:
  • TypeError – When con is not Connection instance.
  • ProgrammingError – When con is already member of this or another group, or closed. When this group has unresolved transaction or contains 16 connections.
begin(tpb=None)

Starts distributed transaction over member connections.

Parameters:tpb (TPB instance, list/tuple of isc_tpb_* constants or bytestring) – (Optional) Transaction Parameter Buffer for newly started transaction. If not specified, default_tpb is used.
Raises:ProgrammingError – When group is empty or has active transaction.
clear()

Removes all connections from group.

Raises:ProgrammingError – When transaction is active.
commit(retaining=False)

Commits distributed transaction over member connections using 2PC.

Note

If transaction is not active, this method does nothing, because the consensus among Python DB API experts is that transactions should always be started implicitly, even if that means allowing a commit() or rollback() without an actual transaction.

Parameters:retaining (boolean) – Indicates whether the transactional context of the transaction being resolved should be recycled.
Raises:ProgrammingError – When group is empty.
contains(con)

Returns True if specified connection belong to this group.

Parameters:conConnection instance.
count()

Returns number of Connection objects that belong to this group.

cursor(connection)

Creates a new Cursor that will operate in the context of distributed transaction and specific Connection that belongs to this group.

Note

Automatically starts transaction if it’s not already started.

Parameters:connectionConnection instance.
Raises:ProgrammingError – When group is empty or specified connection doesn’t belong to this group.
disband()

Forcefully deletes all connections from connection group.

Note

If transaction is active, it’s canceled (rollback).

Note

Any error during transaction finalization doesn’t stop the disband process, however the exception catched is eventually reported.

execute_immediate(sql)

Executes a statement on all member connections without caching its prepared form.

Automatically starts transaction if it’s not already started.

Parameters:sql (string) – SQL statement to execute.

Important

The statement must not be of a type that returns a result set. In most cases (especially cases in which the same statement – perhaps a parameterized statement – is executed repeatedly), it is better to create a cursor using the connection’s cursor method, then execute the statement using one of the cursor’s execute methods.

Parameters:sql (string) – SQL statement to execute.
Raises:DatabaseError – When error is returned from server.
members()

Returns list of connection objects that belong to this group.

prepare()

Manually triggers the first phase of a two-phase commit (2PC). Use of this method is optional; if preparation is not triggered manually, it will be performed implicitly by commit() in a 2PC.

remove(con)

Removes specified connection from group.

Parameters:con – A Connection instance to remove.
Raises:ProgrammingError – When con doesn’t belong to this group or transaction is active.
rollback(retaining=False, savepoint=None)

Rollbacks distributed transaction over member connections.

Note

If transaction is not active, this method does nothing, because the consensus among Python DB API experts is that transactions should always be started implicitly, even if that means allowing a commit() or rollback() without an actual transaction.

Parameters:retaining (boolean) – Indicates whether the transactional context of the transaction being resolved should be recycled.
Raises:ProgrammingError – When group is empty.
savepoint(name)

Establishes a named SAVEPOINT on all member connections. See Transaction.savepoint() for details.

Parameters:name (string) – Name for savepoint.
Raises:ProgrammingError – When group is empty.
default_tpb

TransactionContext

class fdb.TransactionContext(transaction)

Context Manager that manages transaction for object passed to constructor.

Performs rollback if exception is thrown inside code block, otherwise performs commit at the end of block.

Example:

with TransactionContext(my_transaction):
    cursor.execute('insert into tableA (x,y) values (?,?)',(x,y))
    cursor.execute('insert into tableB (x,y) values (?,?)',(x,y))
Parameters:transaction – Any object that supports begin(), commit() and rollback().
transaction = None

EventConduit

class fdb.EventConduit(db_handle, event_names)

Represents a conduit through which database event notifications will flow into the Python program.

Important

DO NOT create instances of this class directly! Use only Connection.event_conduit() to get EventConduit instances.

Notifications of any events are not accumulated until begin() method is called.

From the moment the begin() method is called, notifications of any events that occur will accumulate asynchronously within the conduit’s internal queue until the conduit is closed either explicitly (via the close() method) or implicitly (via garbage collection).

EventConduit implements context manager protocol to call method begin() and close() automatically.

Example:

with connection.event_conduit( ('event_a', 'event_b') ) as conduit:
    events = conduit.wait()
    process_events(events)
Parameters:
  • db_handle – Database handle.
  • event_names – List of strings that represent event names.
begin()

Starts listening for events.

Must be called directly or through context manager interface.

close()

Cancels the standing request for this conduit to be notified of events.

After this method has been called, this EventConduit object is useless, and should be discarded.

flush()

Clear any event notifications that have accumulated in the conduit’s internal queue.

wait(timeout=None)

Wait for events.

Blocks the calling thread until at least one of the events occurs, or the specified timeout (if any) expires.

Parameters:timeout (integer or float) – Number of seconds (use a float to indicate fractions of seconds). If not even one of the relevant events has occurred after timeout seconds, this method will unblock and return None. The default timeout is infinite.
Returns:None if the wait timed out, otherwise a dictionary that maps event_name -> event_occurrence_count.

Example:

>>>conduit = connection.event_conduit( ('event_a', 'event_b') )
>>>conduit.begin()
>>>conduit.wait()
{
 'event_a': 1,
 'event_b': 0
}

In the example above event_a occurred once and event_b did not occur at all.

closed

BlobReader

class fdb.BlobReader(blobid, db_handle, tr_handle, is_text, charset)

BlobReader is a “file-like” class, so it acts much like a file instance opened in rb mode.

Important

DO NOT create instances of this class directly! BlobReader instances are returned automatically in place of output BLOB values when stream BLOB access is requested via PreparedStatement.set_stream_blob().

Tip

BlobReader supports iterator protocol, yielding lines like readline().

close()

Closes the Reader. Like file.close().

Raises:DatabaseError – When error is returned by server.
flush()

Flush the internal buffer. Like file.flush(). Does nothing as it’s pointless for reader.

get_info()

Return information about BLOB.

Returns:Tuple with values: blob_length, segment_size, num_segments, blob_type

Meaning of individual values:

Blob_length:Total blob length in bytes
Segment_size:Size of largest segment
Num_segments:Number of segments
Blob_type:isc_bpb_type_segmented or isc_bpb_type_stream
next()

Return the next line from the BLOB. Part of iterator protocol.

Raises:StopIteration – If there are no further lines.
read(size=-1)

Read at most size bytes from the file (less if the read hits EOF before obtaining size bytes). If the size argument is negative or omitted, read all data until EOF is reached. The bytes are returned as a string object. An empty string is returned when EOF is encountered immediately. Like file.read().

Raises:ProgrammingError – When reader is closed.

Note

Performs automatic conversion to unicode for TEXT BLOBs, if used Python is v3 or connection charset is defined.

readline()

Read one entire line from the file. A trailing newline character is kept in the string (but may be absent when a file ends with an incomplete line). An empty string is returned when EOF is encountered immediately. Like file.readline().

Raises:ProgrammingError – When reader is closed.

Note

Performs automatic conversion to unicode for TEXT BLOBs, if used Python is v3 or connection charset is defined.

readlines(sizehint=None)

Read until EOF using readline() and return a list containing the lines thus read. The optional sizehint argument (if present) is ignored. Like file.readlines().

Note

Performs automatic conversion to unicode for TEXT BLOBs, if used Python is v3 or connection charset is defined.

seek(offset, whence=0)

Set the file’s current position, like stdio‘s fseek(). See file.seek() details.

Parameters:
  • offset (integer) – Offset from specified position.
  • whence (os.SEEK_SET, os.SEEK_CUR or os.SEEK_END) – (Optional) Context for offset.
Raises:

ProgrammingError – When reader is closed.

Warning

If BLOB was NOT CREATED as stream BLOB, this method raises DatabaseError exception. This constraint is set by Firebird.

tell()

Return current position in BLOB, like stdio‘s ftell() and file.tell().

closed
mode

TPB

class fdb.TPB

Helper class for convenient and safe construction of custom Transaction Parameter Blocks.

clear()
copy()

Returns a copy of self.

render()

Create valid transaction parameter block according to current values of member attributes.

Returns:(string) TPB block.
access_mode
isolation_level
lock_resolution
lock_timeout
table_reservation

TableReservation

class fdb.TableReservation

A dictionary-like helper class that maps “TABLE_NAME”: (sharingMode, accessMode). It performs validation of values assigned to keys.

copy()
get(key, default=None)
items()
iteritems()
iterkeys()
itervalues()
keys()
render()

Create valid table access parameter block according to current key/value pairs.

Returns:(string) Table access definition block.
values()

ParameterBuffer

class fdb.ParameterBuffer(charset)

Helper class for construction of Database (and other) parameter buffers. Parameters are stored in insertion order.

add_byte(byte)

Add byte value to buffer.

Parameters:byte – Value to be added.
add_byte_parameter(code, value)

Add byte value to parameter buffer.

Parameters:
  • code – Firebird code for the parameter
  • value – Parameter value (0-255)
add_integer_parameter(code, value)

Add integer value to parameter buffer.

Parameters:
  • code – Firebird code for the parameter
  • value (int) – Parameter value
add_parameter_code(code)

Add parameter code to parameter buffer.

Parameters:code – Firebird code for the parameter
add_string(value)

Add string value to buffer.

Parameters:value – String to be added.
add_string_parameter(code, value)

Add string to parameter buffer.

Parameters:
  • code – Firebird code for the parameter
  • value (string) – Parameter value
add_word(word)

Add two byte value to buffer.

Parameters:word – Value to be added.
clear()

Clear all parameters stored in parameter buffer.

get_buffer()

Get parameter buffer content.

Returns:Byte string with all inserted parameters.
get_length()

Returns actual total length of parameter buffer.

Internally used classes exposed to driver users

_RowMapping

class fdb.fbcore._RowMapping(description, row)

An internal dictionary-like class that wraps a row of results in order to map field name to field value.

Warning

We make ABSOLUTELY NO GUARANTEES about the return value of the fetch(one|many|all) methods except that it is a sequence indexed by field position, and no guarantees about the return value of the fetch(one|many|all)map methods except that it is a mapping of field name to field value.

Therefore, client programmers should NOT rely on the return value being an instance of a particular class or type.

get(field_name, default_value=None)
items()
iteritems()
iterkeys()
itervalues()
keys()
values()

EventBlock

class fdb.fbcore.EventBlock(queue, db_handle, event_names)

Represents Firebird API structure for block of events.

close()

Close this block canceling managed events.

count_and_reregister()

Count event occurences and reregister interest in futrther notifications.

buf_length = 0
closed
event_buf = None
event_id = 0
event_names = []
result_buf = None

TableAccessStats

class fdb.fbcore._TableAccessStats(table_id)

An internal class that wraps results from get_table_access_stats()

Services

Constants

shutdown_mode codes for Connection.shutdown() and Connection.bring_online()

  • SHUT_LEGACY
  • SHUT_NORMAL
  • SHUT_MULTI
  • SHUT_SINGLE
  • SHUT_FULL

shutdown_method codes for Connection.shutdown()

  • SHUT_FORCE
  • SHUT_DENY_NEW_TRANSACTIONS
  • SHUT_DENY_NEW_ATTACHMENTS

mode codes for Connection.setWriteMode()

  • WRITE_FORCED
  • WRITE_BUFFERED

mode codes for Connection.setAccessMode()

  • ACCESS_READ_WRITE
  • ACCESS_READ_ONLY

Connection.get_server_capabilities() return codes

  • CAPABILITY_MULTI_CLIENT
  • CAPABILITY_REMOTE_HOP
  • CAPABILITY_SERVER_CONFIG
  • CAPABILITY_QUOTED_FILENAME
  • CAPABILITY_NO_SERVER_SHUTDOWN

‘stats’ codes for Connection.backup()/Connection.restore()

  • STATS_TOTAL_TIME
  • STATS_TIME_DELTA
  • STATS_PAGE_READS
  • STATS_PAGE_WRITES

Functions

connect

fdb.services.connect(host='service_mgr', user=None, password=None)

Establishes a connection to the Services Manager.

Parameters:
  • host (string) – (optional) Host machine specification. Local by default.
  • user (string) – (optional) Administrative user name. Defaults to content of environment variable ‘ISC_USER’ or ‘SYSDBA’.
  • password (string) – Administrative user password. Default is content of environment variable ‘ISC_PASSWORD’.

Note

By definition, a Services Manager connection is bound to a particular host. Therefore, the database specified as a parameter to methods such as getStatistics MUST NOT include the host name of the database server.

Hooks:

Event HOOK_SERVICE_ATTACHED: Executed before Connection instance is returned. Hook must have signature: hook_func(connection). Any value returned by hook is ignored.

Classes

Connection

class fdb.services.Connection(host, user, password, charset=None)

Represents a sevice connection between the database client (the Python process) and the database server.

Important

DO NOT create instances of this class directly! Use only connect() to get Connection instances.

Tip

Connection supports the iterator protocol, yielding lines of result like readline().

activate_shadow(database)

Activate Database Shadow(s).

Parameters:database (string) – Database filename or alias.
add_user(user)

Add new user.

Parameters:user (User) – Instance of User with at least its name and password attributes specified as non-empty values. All other attributes are optional.

Note

This method ignores the user_id and group_id attributes of User regardless of their values.

backup(source_database, dest_filenames, dest_file_sizes=(), ignore_checksums=0, ignore_limbo_transactions=0, metadata_only=0, collect_garbage=1, transportable=1, convert_external_tables=0, compressed=1, no_db_triggers=0, callback=None, stats=None)

Request logical (GBAK) database backup. (ASYNC service)

Parameters:
  • source_database (string) – Source database specification.
  • dest_filenames (string or tuple of strings) – Backup file(s) specification.
  • dest_file_sizes (tuple of integers) – (optional) specification of backup file max. sizes.
  • ignore_checksums (integer) – 1 to ignore checksums.
  • ignore_limbo_transactions (integer) – 1 to ignore limbo transactions.
  • metadata_only (integer) – 1 to create only metadata backup.
  • collect_garbage (integer) – 0 to skip garbage collection.
  • transportable (integer) – 0 to do not create transportable backup.
  • convert_external_tables (integer) – 1 to convert external table to internal ones.
  • compressed (integer) – 0 to create uncompressed backup.
  • no_db_triggers (integer) – 1 to disable database triggers temporarily.
  • callback (function) – Function to call back with each output line. Function must accept only one parameter: line of output.
  • stats (list) – List of arguments for run-time statistics, see STATS_* constants.

If callback is not specified, backup log could be retrieved through readline(), readlines(), iteration over Connection or ignored via call to wait().

Note

Until backup report is not fully fetched from service (or ignored via wait()), any attempt to start another asynchronous service will fail with exception.

bring_online(database, online_mode=0)

Bring previously shut down database back online.

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • online_mode (integer) – (Optional) One from following constants: SHUT_LEGACY, SHUT_SINGLE, SHUT_MULTI or SHUT_NORMAL (Default).

See also

See also shutdown() method.

close()

Close the connection now (rather than whenever __del__ is called). The connection will be unusable from this point forward; an Error (or subclass) exception will be raised if any operation is attempted with the connection.

commit_limbo_transaction(database, transaction_id)

Resolve limbo transaction with commit.

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • transaction_id (integer) – ID of Transaction to resolve.
get_architecture()

Get Firebird Server architecture.

Returns string:Architecture (example: ‘Firebird/linux AMD64’).
get_attached_database_names()

Get list of attached databases.

Returns list:Filenames of attached databases.
get_connection_count()

Get number of attachments to server.

Returns integer:
 Number of attachments.
get_home_directory()

Get Firebird Home (installation) Directory.

Returns string:Directory path.
get_limbo_transaction_ids(database)

Get list of transactions in limbo.

Parameters:database (string) – Database filename or alias.
Returns list:Transaction IDs.
Raises:InternalError – When can’t process the result buffer.
get_lock_file_directory()

Get directory location for Firebird lock files.

Returns string:Directory path.
get_log(callback=None)

Request content of Firebird Server log. (ASYNC service)

Parameters:callback (function) – Function to call back with each output line. Function must accept only one parameter: line of output.

If callback is not specified, log content could be retrieved through readline(), readlines(), iteration over Connection or ignored via call to wait().

Note

Until log content is not fully fetched from service (or ignored via wait()), any attempt to start another asynchronous service will fail with exception.

get_message_file_directory()

Get directory with Firebird message file.

Returns string:Directory path.
get_security_database_path()

Get full path to Firebird security database.

Returns string:Path (path+filename) to security database.
get_server_capabilities()

Get list of Firebird capabilities.

Returns tuple:Capability info codes for each capability reported by server.

Next fdb.services constants define possible info codes returned:

CAPABILITY_MULTI_CLIENT
CAPABILITY_REMOTE_HOP
CAPABILITY_SERVER_CONFIG
CAPABILITY_QUOTED_FILENAME
CAPABILITY_NO_SERVER_SHUTDOWN

Example:

>>>fdb.services.CAPABILITY_REMOTE_HOP in svc.get_server_capabilities()
True
get_server_version()

Get Firebird version.

Returns string:Firebird version (example: ‘LI-V2.5.2.26536 Firebird 2.5’).
get_service_manager_version()

Get Firebird Service Manager version number.

Returns integer:
 Version number.
get_statistics(database, show_only_db_log_pages=0, show_only_db_header_pages=0, show_user_data_pages=1, show_user_index_pages=1, show_system_tables_and_indexes=0, show_record_versions=0, callback=None, tables=None)

Request database statisctics. (ASYNC service)

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database specification.
  • show_only_db_log_pages (integer) – 1 to analyze only log pages.
  • show_only_db_header_pages (integer) – 1 to analyze only database header. When set, all other parameters are ignored.
  • show_user_data_pages (integer) – 0 to skip user data analysis.
  • show_user_index_pages (integer) – 0 to skip user index analysis.
  • show_system_tables_and_indexes (integer) – 1 to analyze system tables and indices.
  • show_record_versions (integer) – 1 to analyze record versions.
  • callback (function) – Function to call back with each output line. Function must accept only one parameter: line of output.
  • tables (string_or_list) – table name or iterable of table names.

If callback is not specified, statistical report could be retrieved through readline(), readlines(), iteration over Connection or ignored via call to wait().

Note

Until report is not fully fetched from service (or ignored via wait()), any attempt to start another asynchronous service will fail with exception.

get_users(user_name=None)

Get information about user(s).

Parameters:user_name (string) – (Optional) When specified, returns information only about user with specified user name.
Returns list:User instances.
isrunning()

Returns True if service is running.

Note

Some services like backup() or sweep() may take time to comlete, so they’re called asynchronously. Until they’re finished, no other async service could be started.

local_backup(source_database, backup_stream, ignore_checksums=0, ignore_limbo_transactions=0, metadata_only=0, collect_garbage=1, transportable=1, convert_external_tables=0, compressed=1, no_db_triggers=0)

Request logical (GBAK) database backup into local byte stream. (SYNC service)

Parameters:
  • source_database (string) – Source database specification.
  • backup_stream – Backup stream.
  • ignore_checksums (integer) – 1 to ignore checksums.
  • ignore_limbo_transactions (integer) – 1 to ignore limbo transactions.
  • metadata_only (integer) – 1 to create only metadata backup.
  • collect_garbage (integer) – 0 to skip garbage collection.
  • transportable (integer) – 0 to do not create transportable backup.
  • convert_external_tables (integer) – 1 to convert external table to internal ones.
  • compressed (integer) – 0 to create uncompressed backup.
  • no_db_triggers (integer) – 1 to disable database triggers temporarily.
local_restore(backup_stream, dest_filenames, dest_file_pages=(), page_size=None, cache_buffers=None, access_mode_read_only=0, replace=0, deactivate_indexes=0, do_not_restore_shadows=0, do_not_enforce_constraints=0, commit_after_each_table=0, use_all_page_space=0, no_db_triggers=0, metadata_only=0)

Request database restore from logical (GBAK) backup stored in local byte stream. (SYNC service)

Parameters:
  • backup_stream – Backup stream.
  • dest_filenames (string or tuple of strings) – Database file(s) specification.
  • dest_file_pages (tuple of integers) – (optional) specification of database file max. # of pages.
  • page_size (integer) – (optional) Page size.
  • cache_buffers (integer) – (optional) Size of page-cache for this database.
  • access_mode_read_only (integer) – 1 to create R/O database.
  • replace (integer) – 1 to replace existing database.
  • deactivate_indexes (integer) – 1 to do not activate indices.
  • do_not_restore_shadows (integer) – 1 to do not restore shadows.
  • do_not_enforce_constraints (integer) – 1 to do not enforce constraints during restore.
  • commit_after_each_table (integer) – 1 to commit after each table is restored.
  • use_all_page_space (integer) – 1 to use all space on data pages.
  • no_db_triggers (integer) – 1 to disable database triggers temporarily.
  • metadata_only (integer) – 1 to restore only database metadata.
modify_user(user)

Modify user information.

Parameters:user (User) – Instance of User with at least its name attribute specified as non-empty value.

Note

This method sets first_name, middle_name and last_name to their actual values, and ignores the user_id and group_id attributes regardless of their values. password is set only when it has value.

nbackup(source_database, dest_filename, nbackup_level=0, no_db_triggers=0)

Perform physical (NBACKUP) database backup.

Parameters:
  • source_database (string) – Source database specification.
  • dest_filename – Backup file specification.
  • nbackup_level (integer) – Incremental backup level.
  • no_db_triggers (integer) – 1 to disable database triggers temporarily.

Note

Method call will not return until action is finished.

next()

Return the next result line from service manager. Part of iterator protocol.

Raises:StopIteration – If there are no further lines.
no_linger(database)

Set one-off override for database linger.

Parameters:database (string) – Database filename or alias.
nrestore(source_filenames, dest_filename, no_db_triggers=0)

Perform restore from physical (NBACKUP) database backup.

Parameters:
  • source_filenames (string or tuple of strings) – Backup file(s) specification.
  • dest_filename – Database file specification.
  • no_db_triggers (integer) – 1 to disable database triggers temporarily.

Note

Method call will not return until action is finished.

readline()

Get next line of textual output from last service query.

Returns string:Output line.
readlines()

Get list of remaining output lines from last service query.

Returns list:Service output.
Raises:ProgrammingError – When service is not in fetching mode.
remove_user(user)

Remove user.

Parameters:user (string or User) – User name or Instance of User with at least its name attribute specified as non-empty value.
repair(database, read_only_validation=0, ignore_checksums=0, kill_unavailable_shadows=0, mend_database=0, validate_database=1, validate_record_fragments=1)

Database Validation and Repair.

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • read_only_validation (integer) – 1 to prevent any database changes.
  • ignore_checksums (integer) – 1 to ignore page checksum errors.
  • kill_unavailable_shadows (integer) – 1 to kill unavailable shadows.
  • mend_database (integer) – 1 to fix database for backup.
  • validate_database (integer) – 0 to skip database validation.
  • validate_record_fragments (integer) – 0 to skip validation of record fragments.

Note

Method call will not return until action is finished.

restore(source_filenames, dest_filenames, dest_file_pages=(), page_size=None, cache_buffers=None, access_mode_read_only=0, replace=0, deactivate_indexes=0, do_not_restore_shadows=0, do_not_enforce_constraints=0, commit_after_each_table=0, use_all_page_space=0, no_db_triggers=0, metadata_only=0, callback=None, stats=None)

Request database restore from logical (GBAK) backup. (ASYNC service)

Parameters:
  • source_filenames (string or tuple of strings) – Backup file(s) specification.
  • dest_filenames (string or tuple of strings) – Database file(s) specification.
  • dest_file_pages (tuple of integers) – (optional) specification of database file max. # of pages.
  • page_size (integer) – (optional) Page size.
  • cache_buffers (integer) – (optional) Size of page-cache for this database.
  • access_mode_read_only (integer) – 1 to create R/O database.
  • replace (integer) – 1 to replace existing database.
  • deactivate_indexes (integer) – 1 to do not activate indices.
  • do_not_restore_shadows (integer) – 1 to do not restore shadows.
  • do_not_enforce_constraints (integer) – 1 to do not enforce constraints during restore.
  • commit_after_each_table (integer) – 1 to commit after each table is restored.
  • use_all_page_space (integer) – 1 to use all space on data pages.
  • no_db_triggers (integer) – 1 to disable database triggers temporarily.
  • metadata_only (integer) – 1 to restore only database metadata.
  • callback (function) – Function to call back with each output line. Function must accept only one parameter: line of output.
  • stats (list) – List of arguments for run-time statistics, see STATS_* constants.

If callback is not specified, restore log could be retrieved through readline(), readlines(), iteration over Connection or ignored via call to wait().

Note

Until restore report is not fully fetched from service (or ignored via wait()), any attempt to start another asynchronous service will fail with exception.

rollback_limbo_transaction(database, transaction_id)

Resolve limbo transaction with rollback.

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • transaction_id (integer) – ID of Transaction to resolve.
set_access_mode(database, mode)

Set Database Access mode: Read Only or Read/Write

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • mode (integer) – One from following constants: ACCESS_READ_WRITE or ACCESS_READ_ONLY
set_default_page_buffers(database, n)

Set individual page cache size for Database.

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • n (integer) – Number of pages.
set_reserve_page_space(database, reserve_space)

Set data page space reservation policy.

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • reserve_space (boolean) – True to reserve space, False to do not.
set_sql_dialect(database, dialect)

Set SQL Dialect for Database.

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • dialect (integer) – 1 or 3.
set_sweep_interval(database, n)

Set treshold for automatic sweep.

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • n (integer) – Sweep treshold, or 0 to disable automatic sweep.
set_write_mode(database, mode)

Set Disk Write Mode: Sync (forced writes) or Async (buffered).

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • mode (integer) – One from following constants: WRITE_FORCED or WRITE_BUFFERED
shutdown(database, shutdown_mode, shutdown_method, timeout)

Database shutdown.

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • shutdown_mode (integer) – One from following constants: SHUT_LEGACY, SHUT_SINGLE, SHUT_MULTI or SHUT_FULL.
  • shutdown_method (integer) – One from following constants: SHUT_FORCE, SHUT_DENY_NEW_TRANSACTIONS or SHUT_DENY_NEW_ATTACHMENTS.
  • timeout (integer) – Time in seconds, that the shutdown must complete in.

See also

See also bring_online() method.

sweep(database)

Perform Database Sweep.

Note

Method call will not return until sweep is finished.

Parameters:database (string) – Database filename or alias.
trace_list()

Get information about existing trace sessions.

Returns dictionary:
 

Mapping SESSION_ID -> SESSION_PARAMS

Session parameters is another dictionary with next keys:

name:(string) (optional) Session name if specified.
date:(datetime.datetime) Session start date and time.
user:(string) Trace user name.
flags:(list of strings) Session flags.
Raises:

OperationalError – When server can’t perform requested operation.

trace_resume(trace_id)

Resume trace session.

Parameters:

trace_id (integer) – Trace session ID.

Returns string:

Text with confirmation that session was resumed.

Raises:
trace_start(config, name=None)

Start new trace session. (ASYNC service)

Parameters:
  • config (string) – Trace session configuration.
  • name (string) – (optional) Trace session name.
Returns integer:
 

Trace session ID.

Raises:

fdb.DatabaseError – When session ID is not returned on start.

Trace session output could be retrieved through readline(), readlines(), iteration over Connection or ignored via call to wait().

Note

Until session output is not fully fetched from service (or ignored via wait()), any attempt to start another asynchronous service including call to any trace_ method will fail with exception.

trace_stop(trace_id)

Stop trace session.

Parameters:

trace_id (integer) – Trace session ID.

Returns string:

Text with confirmation that session was stopped.

Raises:
trace_suspend(trace_id)

Suspend trace session.

Parameters:

trace_id (integer) – Trace session ID.

Returns string:

Text with confirmation that session was paused.

Raises:
user_exists(user)

Check for user’s existence.

Parameters:user (string or User) – User name or Instance of User with at least its name attribute specified as non-empty value.
Returns boolean:
 True when the specified user exists.
validate(database, include_tables=None, exclude_tables=None, include_indices=None, exclude_indices=None, lock_timeout=None, callback=None)

On-line database validation.

Parameters:
  • database (string) – Database filename or alias.
  • include_tables (string) – Pattern for table names to include in validation run.
  • exclude_tables (string) – Pattern for table names to exclude from validation run.
  • include_indices (string) – Pattern for index names to include in validation run.
  • exclude_indices (string) – Pattern for index names to exclude from validation run.
  • lock_timeout (integer) – lock timeout, used to acquire locks for table to validate, in seconds, default is 10 secs. 0 is no-wait, -1 is infinite wait.
  • callback (function) – Function to call back with each output line. Function must accept only one parameter: line of output.

Note

Patterns are regular expressions, processed by the same rules as SIMILAR TO expressions. All patterns are case-sensitive, regardless of database dialect. If the pattern for tables is omitted then all user tables will be validated. If the pattern for indexes is omitted then all indexes of the appointed tables will be validated. System tables are not validated.

If callback is not specified, validation log could be retrieved through readline(), readlines(), iteration over Connection or ignored via call to wait().

Note

Until validate report is not fully fetched from service (or ignored via wait()), any attempt to start another asynchronous service will fail with exception.

wait()

Wait until running service completes, i.e. stops sending data.

QUERY_TYPE_PLAIN_INTEGER = 1
QUERY_TYPE_PLAIN_STRING = 2
QUERY_TYPE_RAW = 3
closed
engine_version
fetching
version

User

class fdb.services.User(name=None)
load_information(svc)

Load information about user from server.

Parameters:svc (Connection) – Open service connection.
Returns:True if information was successfuly retrieved, False otherwise.
Raises:ProgrammingError – If user name is not defined.

Database schema

Module globals

Firebird field type codes

  • FBT_SMALLINT
  • FBT_INTEGER
  • FBT_QUAD
  • FBT_FLOAT
  • FBT_CHAR
  • FBT_DOUBLE_PRECISION
  • FBT_DATE
  • FBT_VARCHAR
  • FBT_CSTRING
  • FBT_BLOB_ID
  • FBT_BLOB
  • FBT_SQL_DATE
  • FBT_SQL_TIME
  • FBT_SQL_TIMESTAMP
  • FBT_BIGINT
  • FBT_BOOLEAN

Trigger masks

  • TRIGGER_TYPE_SHIFT
  • TRIGGER_TYPE_MASK
  • TRIGGER_TYPE_DML
  • TRIGGER_TYPE_DB
  • TRIGGER_TYPE_DDL

Trigger type codes

  • DDL_TRIGGER_ANY
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_TABLE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_TABLE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_TABLE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_PROCEDURE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_PROCEDURE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_PROCEDURE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_FUNCTION
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_FUNCTION
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_FUNCTION
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_TRIGGER
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_TRIGGER
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_TRIGGER
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_EXCEPTION
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_EXCEPTION
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_EXCEPTION
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_VIEW
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_VIEW
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_VIEW
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_DOMAIN
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_DOMAIN
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_DOMAIN
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_ROLE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_ROLE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_ROLE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_INDEX
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_INDEX
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_INDEX
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_SEQUENCE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_SEQUENCE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_SEQUENCE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_USER
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_USER
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_USER
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_COLLATION
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_COLLATION
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_CHARACTER_SET
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_PACKAGE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_PACKAGE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_PACKAGE
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_PACKAGE_BODY
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_PACKAGE_BODY
  • DDL_TRIGGER_CREATE_MAPPING
  • DDL_TRIGGER_ALTER_MAPPING
  • DDL_TRIGGER_DROP_MAPPING

Collation parameters codes

  • COLLATION_PAD_SPACE
  • COLLATION_CASE_INSENSITIVE
  • COLLATION_ACCENT_INSENSITIVE

Index type names

  • INDEX_TYPE_ASCENDING
  • INDEX_TYPE_DESCENDING

Relation type codes

  • RELATION_TYPE_TABLE
  • RELATION_TYPE_VIEW
  • RELATION_TYPE_GTT
  • RELATION_TYPE_GTT_PRESERVE
  • RELATION_TYPE_GTT_DELETE

Procedure parameter type codes

  • PROCPAR_DATATYPE
  • PROCPAR_DOMAIN
  • PROCPAR_TYPE_OF_DOMAIN
  • PROCPAR_TYPE_OF_COLUMN

Section codes for Schema.get_metadata_ddl()

  • SCRIPT_COLLATIONS
  • SCRIPT_CHARACTER_SETS
  • SCRIPT_UDFS
  • SCRIPT_GENERATORS
  • SCRIPT_EXCEPTIONS
  • SCRIPT_DOMAINS
  • SCRIPT_PACKAGE_DEFS
  • SCRIPT_FUNCTION_DEFS
  • SCRIPT_PROCEDURE_DEFS
  • SCRIPT_TABLES
  • SCRIPT_PRIMARY_KEYS
  • SCRIPT_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINTS
  • SCRIPT_CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
  • SCRIPT_FOREIGN_CONSTRAINTS
  • SCRIPT_INDICES
  • SCRIPT_VIEWS
  • SCRIPT_PACKAGE_BODIES
  • SCRIPT_PROCEDURE_BODIES
  • SCRIPT_FUNCTION_BODIES
  • SCRIPT_TRIGGERS
  • SCRIPT_ROLES
  • SCRIPT_GRANTS
  • SCRIPT_COMMENTS
  • SCRIPT_SHADOWS
  • SCRIPT_SET_GENERATORS
  • SCRIPT_INDEX_DEACTIVATIONS
  • SCRIPT_INDEX_ACTIVATIONS
  • SCRIPT_TRIGGER_DEACTIVATIONS
  • SCRIPT_TRIGGER_ACTIVATIONS

Lists and disctionary maps

COLUMN_TYPES:Dictionary map from filed type codes to type names
INTEGRAL_SUBTYPES:
 List of integral type names, works as map
INDEX_TYPES:List of index types
BLOB_SUBTYPES:List of blob type names, works as map
TRIGGER_PREFIX_TYPES:
 List of trigger prefix type names, works as map
TRIGGER_SUFFIX_TYPES:
 List of trigger suffix type names, works as map
TRIGGER_DB_TYPES:
 List of db trigger type names, works as map
TRIGGER_DDL_TYPES:
 List of DLL trigger type names, works as map
RESERVED:List of reserved Firebird words
NON_RESERVED:List of non-reserved Firebird words
SCRIPT_DEFAULT_ORDER:
 List of default sections (in order) for Schema.get_metadata_ddl()

Functions

get_grants

fdb.schema.get_grants(privileges, grantors=None)

Get list of minimal set of SQL GRANT statamenets necessary to grant specified privileges.

Parameters:
  • privileges (list) – List of Privilege instances.
  • grantors (list) – List of standard grantor names. Generates GRANTED BY clause for privileges granted by user that’s not in list.

iskeyword

fdb.schema.iskeyword(ident)

Return True if ident is (any) Firebird keyword.

escape_single_quotes

fdb.schema.escape_single_quotes(text)

Return text with any single quotes escaped (doubled).

Classes

Schema

class fdb.schema.Schema

Bases: fdb.utils.Visitable

This class represents database schema.

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
bind(connection)

Bind this instance to specified Connection.

Parameters:connectionConnection instance.
Raises:ProgrammingError – If Schema object was set as internal (via _set_as_internal()).
clear()

Drop all cached metadata objects.

close()

Sever link to Connection.

Raises:ProgrammingError – If Schema object was set as internal (via _set_as_internal()).
get_character_set(name)

Get CharacterSet by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Character set name.
Returns:CharacterSet with specified name or None.
get_character_set_by_id(id)

Get CharacterSet by ID.

Parameters:name (integer) – CharacterSet ID.
Returns:CharacterSet with specified ID or None.
get_collation(name)

Get Collation by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Collation name.
Returns:Collation with specified name or None.
get_collation_by_id(charset_id, collation_id)

Get Collation by ID.

Parameters:
  • charset_id (integer) – Character set ID.
  • collation_id (integer) – Collation ID.
Returns:

Collation with specified ID or None.

get_constraint(name)

Get Constraint by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Constraint name.
Returns:Constraint with specified name or None.
get_domain(name)

Get Domain by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Domain name.
Returns:Domain with specified name or None.
get_exception(name)

Get DatabaseException by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Exception name.
Returns:DatabaseException with specified name or None.
get_function(name)

Get Function by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Function name.
Returns:Function with specified name or None.
get_generator(name)

Get Sequence by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Sequence name.
Returns:Sequence with specified name or None.
get_index(name)

Get Index by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Index name.
Returns:Index with specified name or None.
get_metadata_ddl(sections=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 21, 23, 24, 25])

Return list of DDL SQL commands for creation of specified categories of database objects.

Parameters:sections (list) – List of section identifiers.
Returns:List with SQL commands.

Sections identifiers are represented by SCRIPT_* contants defined in schema module.

Sections are created in the order of occerence in list. Uses SCRIPT_DEFAULT_ORDER list when sections are not specified.

get_package(name)

Get Package by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Package name.
Returns:Package with specified name or None.
get_privileges_of(user, user_type=None)

Get list of all privileges granted to user/database object.

Parameters:
Returns:

List of Privilege objects.

Raises:

ProgrammingError – For unknown user_type code.

get_procedure(name)

Get Procedure by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Procedure name.
Returns:Procedure with specified name or None.
get_role(name)

Get Role by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Role name.
Returns:Role with specified name or None.
get_sequence(name)

Get Sequence by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Sequence name.
Returns:Sequence with specified name or None.
get_table(name)

Get Table by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Table name.
Returns:Table with specified name or None.
get_trigger(name)

Get Trigger by name.

Parameters:name (string) – Trigger name.
Returns:Trigger with specified name or None.
get_view(name)

Get View by name.

Parameters:name (string) – View name.
Returns:View with specified name or None.
ismultifile()

Returns true if database has multiple files.

reload(data=None)

Drop all or specified category of cached metadata objects, so they’re reloaded from database on next reference.

Parameters:data (string) – None, metadata category code or iterable with category codes.

Note

Category codes are defined by SCHEMA_* globals.

Raises:fdb.ProgrammingError – For undefined metadata category.

Note

Also commits query transaction.

backup_history

ObjectList of all nbackup hisotry records. Items are BackupHistory objects.

character_sets

ObjectList of all character sets in database. Items are CharacterSet objects.

closed
collations

ObjectList of all collations in database. Items are Collation objects.

constraints

ObjectList of all constraints in database. Items are Constraint objects.

default_character_set

Default CharacterSet for database

dependencies

ObjectList of all dependencies in database. Items are Dependency objects.

description

Database description or None if it doesn’t have a description.

domains

ObjectList of all user domains in database. Items are Domain objects.

enum_character_set_names = {}
enum_determinism_flags = {}
enum_field_subtypes = {}
enum_field_types = {}
enum_function_types = {}
enum_grant_options = {}
enum_index_activity_flags = {}
enum_index_unique_flags = {}
enum_legacy_flags = {}
enum_mechanism_types = {}
enum_object_type_codes = {}
enum_object_types = {}
enum_page_types = {}
enum_param_type_from = {0: 'DATATYPE', 1: 'DOMAIN', 2: 'TYPE OF DOMAIN', 3: 'TYPE OF COLUMN'}
enum_parameter_mechanism_types = {}
enum_parameter_types = {}
enum_privacy_flags = {}
enum_procedure_types = {}
enum_relation_types = {}
enum_system_flag_types = {}
enum_transaction_state_types = {}
enum_trigger_activity_flags = {}
enum_trigger_types = {}
exceptions

ObjectList of all exceptions in database. Items are DatabaseException objects.

files

ObjectList of all extension files defined for database. Items are DatabaseFile objects.

filters

ObjectList of all user-defined BLOB filters. Items are Filter objects.

functions

ObjectList of all user functions defined in database. Items are Function objects.

generators

ObjectList of all user generators in database. Items are Sequence objects.

indices

ObjectList of all user indices in database. Items are Index objects.

linger

Database linger value.

opt_always_quote = False
opt_generator_keyword = 'SEQUENCE'
owner_name

Database owner name.

packages

ObjectList of all packages defined for database. Items are Package objects.

privileges

ObjectList of all privileges defined for database. Items are Privilege objects.

procedures

ObjectList of all user procedures in database. Items are Procedure objects.

roles

ObjectList of all roles in database. Items are Role objects.

security_class

Can refer to the security class applied as databasewide access control limits.

sequences

ObjectList of all user generators in database. Items are Sequence objects.

shadows

ObjectList of all shadows defined for database. Items are Shadow objects.

sysdomains

ObjectList of all system domains in database. Items are Domain objects.

sysfunctions

ObjectList of all system functions defined in database. Items are Function objects.

sysgenerators

ObjectList of all system generators in database. Items are Sequence objects.

sysindices

ObjectList of all system indices in database. Items are Index objects.

sysprocedures

ObjectList of all system procedures in database. Items are Procedure objects.

syssequences

ObjectList of all system generators in database. Items are Sequence objects.

systables

ObjectList of all system tables in database. Items are Table objects.

systriggers

ObjectList of all system triggers in database. Items are Trigger objects.

sysviews

ObjectList of all system views in database. Items are View objects.

tables

ObjectList of all user tables in database. Items are Table objects.

triggers

ObjectList of all user triggers in database. Items are Trigger objects.

views

ObjectList of all user views in database. Items are View objects.

BaseSchemaItem

class fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.utils.Visitable

Base class for all database schema objects.

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

schema = None

Collation

class fdb.schema.Collation(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents collation.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User collation: create, drop, comment
  • System collation: comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
isaccentinsensitive()

Returns True if collation has ACCENT INSENSITIVE attribute.

isbasedonexternal()

Returns True if collation is based on external collation definition.

iscaseinsensitive()

Returns True if collation has CASE INSENSITIVE attribute.

ispadded()

Returns True if collation has PAD SPACE attribute.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

attributes

Collation attributes.

base_collation

Base Collation object that’s extended by this one or None.

character_set

Character set object associated with collation.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

function_name

Not currently used.

id

Collation ID.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

owner_name

Creator user name.

schema = None
security_class

Security class name or None.

specific_attributes

Collation specific attributes.

CharacterSet

class fdb.schema.CharacterSet(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents character set.

Supported SQL actions: alter(collation=Collation instance or collation name), comment

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_collation(name)

Return Collation object with specified name that belongs to this character set.

get_collation_by_id(id)

Return Collation object with specified id that belongs to this character set.

get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

bytes_per_character

Size of characters in bytes.

collations

ObjectList of Collations associated with character set.

default_collate

Collate object of default collate.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

id

Character set ID.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

owner_name

Creator user name.

schema = None
security_class

Security class name or None.

DatabaseException

class fdb.schema.DatabaseException(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents database exception.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User exception: create, recreate, alter(message=string), create_or_alter, drop, comment
  • System exception: comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

id

System-assigned unique exception number.

message

Custom message text.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

owner_name

Creator user name.

schema = None
security_class

Security class name or None.

Sequence

class fdb.schema.Sequence(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents database generator/sequence.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User sequence: create, alter(value=number), drop, comment
  • System sequence: comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
isidentity()

Returns True for system generators created for IDENTITY columns.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

id

Internal ID number of the sequence.

increment

Sequence increment.

inital_value

Initial sequence value.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

owner_name

Creator user name.

schema = None
security_class

Security class name or None.

value

Current sequence value.

Index

class fdb.schema.Index(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents database index.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User index: create, activate, deactivate, recompute, drop, comment
  • System index: activate, recompute, comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
isenforcer()

Returns True if index is used to enforce a constraint.

isexpression()

Returns True if index is expression index.

isinactive()

Returns True if index is INACTIVE.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

isunique()

Returns True if index is UNIQUE.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

constraint

Constraint instance that uses this index or None.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

expression

Source of an expression or None.

id

Internal number ID of the index.

index_type

ASCENDING or DESCENDING.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

partner_index

Associated unique/primary key Index instance, or None.

schema = None
segment_names

List of index segment names.

segment_statistics

List of index segment statistics (for ODS 11.1 and higher).

segments

ObjectList of index segments as TableColumn instances.

statistics

Latest selectivity of the index.

table

The Table instance the index applies to.

TableColumn

class fdb.schema.TableColumn(schema, table, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents table column.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User column: alter(name=string,datatype=string_SQLTypeDef,position=number,
    expression=computed_by_expr,restart=None_or_init_value), drop, comment
  • System column: comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_computedby()

Returns (string) extression for column computation or None.

get_dependencies()

Return list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Return list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
has_default()

Returns True if column has default value.

iscomputed()

Returns True if column is computed.

isdomainbased()

Returns True if column is based on user domain.

isidentity()

Returns True for identity type column.

isnullable()

Returns True if column can accept NULL values.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

iswritable()

Returns True if column is writable (i.e. it’s not computed etc.).

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

collation

Collation object or None.

datatype

Comlete SQL datatype definition.

default

Default value for column or None.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

domain

Domain object this column is based on.

generator

Internal flags.

id

Internam number ID for the column.

identity_type

Internal flags.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

position

Column’s sequence number in row.

privileges

ObjectList of Privilege objects granted to this object.

schema = None
security_class

Security class name or None.

table

The Table object this column belongs to.

ViewColumn

class fdb.schema.ViewColumn(schema, view, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents view column.

Supported SQL actions: comment

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Return list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Return list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
isnullable()

Returns True if column is NULLABLE.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

iswritable()

Returns True if column is writable.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

base_field

The source column from the base relation. Result could be either TableColumn, ViewColumn or ProcedureParameter instance or None.

collation

Collation object or None.

datatype

Comlete SQL datatype definition.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

domain

Domain object this column is based on.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

position

Column’s sequence number in row.

privileges

ObjectList of Privilege objects granted to this object.

schema = None
security_class

Security class name or None.

view

View object this column belongs to.

Domain

class fdb.schema.Domain(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents SQl Domain.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User domain: create, alter(name=string,default=string_definition_or_None, check=string_definition_or_None,datatype=string_SQLTypeDef), drop, comment
  • System domain: comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
has_default()

Returns True if domain has default value.

isarray()

Returns True if domain defines an array.

iscomputed()

Returns True if domain is computed.

isnullable()

Returns True if domain is not defined with NOT NULL.

issystemobject()

Return True if this database object is system object.

isvalidated()

Returns True if domain has validation constraint.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

character_length

Length of CHAR and VARCHAR column, in characters (not bytes).

character_set

CharacterSet object for a character or text BLOB column, or None.

collation

Collation object for a character column or None.

datatype

Comlete SQL datatype definition.

default

Expression that defines the default value or None.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

dimensions

List of dimension definition pairs if column is an array type. Always empty for non-array columns.

expression

Expression that defines the COMPUTED BY column or None.

external_length

Length of field as it is in an external table. Always 0 for regular tables.

external_scale

Scale factor of an integer field as it is in an external table.

external_type

Data type of the field as it is in an external table.

field_type

Number code of the data type defined for the column.

length

Length of the column in bytes.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

owner_name

Creator user name.

precision

Indicates the number of digits of precision available to the data type of the column.

scale

Negative number representing the scale of NUMBER and DECIMAL column.

schema = None
security_class

Security class name or None.

segment_length

For BLOB columns, a suggested length for BLOB buffers.

sub_type

BLOB subtype.

validation

CHECK constraint for the domain or None.

Dependency

class fdb.schema.Dependency(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Maps dependency between database objects.

Supported SQL actions: none

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns empty list because Dependency object never has dependencies.

get_dependents()

Returns empty list because Dependency object never has dependents.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
ispackaged()

Returns True if dependency is defined in package.

issystemobject()

Returns True as dependency entries are considered as system objects.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

depended_on

Database object on which dependent depends.

depended_on_name

Name of db object on which dependent depends.

depended_on_type

Type of db object on which dependent depends.

dependent

Dependent database object.

dependent_name

Dependent database object name.

dependent_type

Dependent database object type.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

field_name

Name of one column in depended on object.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

package

Package instance if dependent depends on object in package or None.

schema = None

Constraint

class fdb.schema.Constraint(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents table or column constraint.

Supported SQL actions:

  • Constraint on user table except NOT NULL constraint: create, drop
  • Constraint on system table: none
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
ischeck()

Returns True if it’s CHECK constraint.

isdeferrable()

Returns True if it’s DEFERRABLE constraint.

isdeferred()

Returns True if it’s INITIALLY DEFERRED constraint.

isfkey()

Returns True if it’s FOREIGN KEY constraint.

isnotnull()

Returns True if it’s NOT NULL constraint.

ispkey()

Returns True if it’s PRIMARY KEY constraint.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

isunique()

Returns True if it’s UNIQUE constraint.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

column_name

For a NOT NULL constraint, this is the name of the column to which the constraint applies.

constraint_type

primary key/unique/foreign key/check/not null.

delete_rule

For a FOREIGN KEY constraint, this is the action applicable to when primary key is deleted.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

index

Index instance that enforces the constraint. None if constraint is not primary key/unique or foreign key.

match_option

For a FOREIGN KEY constraint only. Current value is FULL in all cases.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

partner_constraint

For a FOREIGN KEY constraint, this is the unique or primary key Constraint referred.

schema = None
table

Table instance this constraint applies to.

trigger_names

For a CHECK constraint contains trigger names that enforce the constraint.

triggers

For a CHECK constraint contains Trigger instances that enforce the constraint.

update_rule

For a FOREIGN KEY constraint, this is the action applicable to when primary key is updated.

Table

class fdb.schema.Table(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents Table in database.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User table: create (no_pk=bool,no_unique=bool),
    recreate (no_pk=bool,no_unique=bool), drop, comment
  • System table: comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_column(name)

Return TableColumn object with specified name.

get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
has_fkey()

Returns True if table has any FOREIGN KEY constraint.

has_pkey()

Returns True if table has PRIMARY KEY defined.

isexternal()

Returns True if table is external table.

isgtt()

Returns True if table is GLOBAL TEMPORARY table.

ispersistent()

Returns True if table is persistent one.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

columns

Returns ObjectList of columns defined for table. Items are TableColumn objects.

constraints

Returns ObjectList of constraints defined for table. Items are Constraint objects.

dbkey_length

Length of the RDB$DB_KEY column in bytes.

default_class

Default security class.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

external_file

Full path to the external data file, if any.

flags

Internal flags.

foreign_keys

ObjectList of FOREIGN KEY Constraint instances for this table.

format

Internal format ID for the table.

id

Internam number ID for the table.

indices

Returns ObjectList of indices defined for table. Items are Index objects.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

owner_name

User name of table’s creator.

primary_key

PRIMARY KEY Constraint for this table or None.

privileges

ObjectList of Privilege objects granted to this object.

schema = None
security_class

Security class that define access limits to the table.

table_type

Table type.

triggers

Returns ObjectList of triggers defined for table. Items are Trigger objects.

View

class fdb.schema.View(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents database View.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User views: create, recreate, alter(columns=string_or_list,query=string,check=bool), create_or_alter, drop, comment
  • System views: comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_column(name)

Return TableColumn object with specified name.

get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
get_trigger(name)

Return Trigger object with specified name.

has_checkoption()

Returns True if View has WITH CHECK OPTION defined.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

columns

Returns ObjectList of columns defined for view. Items are ViewColumn objects.

dbkey_length

Length of the RDB$DB_KEY column in bytes.

default_class

Default security class.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

flags

Internal flags.

format

Internal format ID for the view.

id

Internal number ID for the view.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

owner_name

User name of view’s creator.

privileges

ObjectList of Privilege objects granted to this object.

schema = None
security_class

Security class that define access limits to the view.

sql

The query specification.

triggers

Returns ObjectList of triggers defined for view. Items are Trigger objects.

Trigger

class fdb.schema.Trigger(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents trigger.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User trigger: create(inactive=bool), recreate, create_or_alter, drop, alter(fire_on=string,active=bool,sequence=int,declare=string_or_list, code=string_or_list), comment
  • System trigger: comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
get_type_as_string()

Return string with action and operation specification.

isactive()

Returns True if this trigger is active.

isafter()

Returns True if this trigger is set for AFTER action.

isbefore()

Returns True if this trigger is set for BEFORE action.

isdbtrigger()

Returns True if this trigger is database trigger.

isddltrigger()

Returns True if this trigger is DDL trigger.

isdelete()

Returns True if this trigger is set for DELETE operation.

isinsert()

Returns True if this trigger is set for INSERT operation.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

isupdate()

Returns True if this trigger is set for UPDATE operation.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

engine_name

Engine name.

entrypoint

Entrypoint.

flags

Internal flags.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

relation

Table or View that the trigger is for, or None for database triggers

schema = None
sequence

Sequence (position) of trigger. Zero usually means no sequence defined.

source

PSQL source code.

trigger_type

Numeric code for trigger type that define what event and when are covered by trigger.

valid_blr

Trigger BLR invalidation flag. Coul be True/False or None.

ProcedureParameter

class fdb.schema.ProcedureParameter(schema, proc, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents procedure parameter.

Supported SQL actions: comment

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_definition()

Returns SQL definition for parameter.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
has_default()

Returns True if parameter has default value.

isinput()

Returns True if parameter is INPUT parameter.

isnullable()

Returns True if parameter allows NULL.

ispackaged()

Returns True if procedure parameter is defined in package.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

collation

collation for this parameter.

column

TableColumn for this parameter.

datatype

Comlete SQL datatype definition.

default

Default value.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

domain

Domain for this parameter.

mechanism

Parameter mechanism code.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

package

Package this procedure belongs to. Object is Package instance or None.

procedure

Name of the stored procedure.

schema = None
sequence

Sequence (position) of parameter.

type_from

Numeric code. See Schema.enum_param_type_from.`

Procedure

class fdb.schema.Procedure(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents stored procedure.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User procedure: create(no_code=bool), recreate(no_code=bool), create_or_alter(no_code=bool), drop, alter(input=string_or_list,output=string_or_list,declare=string_or_list, code=string_or_list), comment
  • System procedure: comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_param(name)

Returns ProcedureParameter with specified name or None

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
has_input()

Returns True if procedure has any input parameters.

has_output()

Returns True if procedure has any output parameters.

ispackaged()

Returns True if procedure is defined in package.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

engine_name

Engine name.

entrypoint

Entrypoint.

id

Internal unique ID number.

input_params

ObjectList of input parameters. Instances are ProcedureParameter instances.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

output_params

ObjectList of output parameters. Instances are ProcedureParameter instances.

owner_name

User name of procedure’s creator.

package

Package this procedure belongs to. Object is Package instance or None.

privacy

Privacy flag.

privileges

ObjectList of Privilege objects granted to this object.

proc_type

Procedure type code. See enum_procedure_types.

schema = None
security_class

Security class that define access limits to the procedure.

source

PSQL source code.

valid_blr

Procedure BLR invalidation flag. Coul be True/False or None.

Role

class fdb.schema.Role(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents user role.

Supported SQL actions:

  • User role: create, drop, comment
  • System role: comment
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

owner_name

User name of role owner.

privileges

ObjectList of Privilege objects granted to this object.

schema = None
security_class

Security class name or None.

FunctionArgument

class fdb.schema.FunctionArgument(schema, function, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represets UDF argument.

Supported SQL actions: none.

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_definition()

Returns SQL definition for parameter.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
has_default()

Returns True if parameter has default value.

isbydescriptor(any=False)

Returns True if argument is passed by descriptor.

Parameters:any (bool) – If True, method returns True if any kind of descriptor is used (including BLOB and ARRAY descriptors).
isbyreference()

Returns True if argument is passed by reference.

isbyvalue()

Returns True if argument is passed by value.

isfreeit()

Returns True if (return) argument is declared as FREE_IT.

isnullable()

Returns True if parameter allows NULL.

ispackaged()

Returns True if function argument is defined in package.

isreturning()

Returns True if argument represents return value for function.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

iswithnull()

Returns True if argument is passed by reference with NULL support.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

argument_mechanism

Argument mechanism.

argument_name

Argument name.

character_length

Length of CHAR and VARCHAR column, in characters (not bytes).

character_set

CharacterSet for a character/text BLOB argument, or None.

collation

Collation for this parameter.

column

TableColumn for this parameter.

datatype

Comlete SQL datatype definition.

default

Default value.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

domain

Domain for this parameter.

field_type

Number code of the data type defined for the argument.

function

Function to which this argument belongs.

length

Length of the argument in bytes.

mechanism

How argument is passed.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

package

Package this function belongs to. Object is Package instance or None.

position

Argument position.

precision

Indicates the number of digits of precision available to the data type of the argument.

scale

Negative number representing the scale of NUMBER and DECIMAL argument.

schema = None
sub_type

BLOB subtype.

type_from

Numeric code. See Schema.enum_param_type_from.`

Function

class fdb.schema.Function(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents user defined function.

Supported SQL actions:

  • External UDF: declare, drop, comment
  • PSQL UDF (FB 3, not declared in package): create(no_code=bool),
    recreate(no_code=bool), create_or_alter(no_code=bool), drop, alter(arguments=string_or_list,returns=string,declare=string_or_list, code=string_or_list)
  • System UDF: none
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
has_arguments()

Returns True if function has input arguments.

has_return()

Returns True if function returns a value.

has_return_argument()

Returns True if function returns a value in input argument.

isexternal()

Returns True if function is external UDF, False for PSQL functions.

ispackaged()

Returns True if function is defined in package.

issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

arguments

ObjectList of function arguments. Items are FunctionArgument instances.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

deterministic_flag

Deterministic flag.

engine_mame

Engine name.

entrypoint

Entrypoint in module.

id

Function ID.

legacy_flag

Legacy flag.

module_name

Module name.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

owner_name

Owner name.

package

Package this function belongs to. Object is Package instance or None.

private_flag

Private flag.

returns

Returning FunctionArgument or None.

schema = None
security_class

Security class.

source

Function source.

valid_blr

BLR validity flag.

DatabaseFile

class fdb.schema.DatabaseFile(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents database extension file.

Supported SQL actions: create

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
issystemobject()

Returns True.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

filename

File name.

length

File length in pages.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

schema = None
sequence

File sequence number.

start

File start page number.

Shadow

class fdb.schema.Shadow(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents database shadow.

Supported SQL actions: create, drop(preserve=bool)

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
isconditional()

Returns True if it’s CONDITIONAL shadow.

isinactive()

Returns True if it’s INACTIVE shadow.

ismanual()

Returns True if it’s MANUAL shadow.

issystemobject()

Returns False.

SHADOW_CONDITIONAL = 16
SHADOW_INACTIVE = 2
SHADOW_MANUAL = 4
actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

files

List of shadow files. Items are DatabaseFile instances.

flags

Shadow flags.

id

Shadow ID number.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

schema = None

Privilege

class fdb.schema.Privilege(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents priviledge to database object.

Supported SQL actions: grant(grantors),revoke(grantors,grant_option)

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
has_grant()

Returns True if privilege comes with GRANT OPTION.

isdelete()

Returns True if this is DELETE privilege.

isexecute()

Returns True if this is EXECUTE privilege.

isinsert()

Returns True if this is INSERT privilege.

ismembership()

Returns True if this is ROLE membership privilege.

isreference()

Returns True if this is REFERENCE privilege.

isselect()

Returns True if this is SELECT privilege.

issystemobject()

Returns True.

isupdate()

Returns True if this is UPDATE privilege.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

field_name

Field name.

grantor

Grantor User object.

grantor_name

Grantor name.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

privilege

Privilege code.

schema = None
subject

Priviledge subject. Either Role, Table, View or Procedure object.

subject_name

Subject name.

subject_type

Subject type.

user

Grantee. Either User, Role, Procedure, Trigger or View object.

user_name

User name.

user_type

User type.

Package

class fdb.schema.Package(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents PSQL package.

Supported SQL actions: create(body=bool), recreate(body=bool), create_or_alter(body=bool),
alter(header=string_or_list), drop(body=bool), alter
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
has_valid_body()
issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

body

Package body source.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

functions

ObjectList of package functions. Items are Function instances.

header

Package header source.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

owner_name

User name of package creator.

procedures

ObjectList of package procedures. Items are Procedure instances.

schema = None
security_class

Security class name or None.

BackupHistory

class fdb.schema.BackupHistory(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents entry of history for backups performed using the nBackup utility.

Supported SQL actions: None
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
issystemobject()

Returns True.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

backup_id

The identifier assigned by the engine.

created

Backup date and time.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

filename

Full path and file name of backup file.

guid

Unique identifier.

level

Backup level.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

schema = None
scn

System (scan) number.

Filter

class fdb.schema.Filter(schema, attributes)

Bases: fdb.schema.BaseSchemaItem

Represents userdefined BLOB filter.

Supported SQL actions:

  • BLOB filter: declare, drop, comment
  • System UDF: none
accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.
get_dependencies()

Returns list of database objects that this object depend on.

get_dependents()

Returns list of all database objects that depend on this one.

get_quoted_name()

Returns quoted (if necessary) name.

get_sql_for(action, **params)

Returns SQL command for specified action on metadata object.

Supported actions are defined by actions list.

Raises:ProgrammingError – For unsupported action or wrong parameters passed.
issystemobject()

Returns True if this database object is system object.

actions

List of supported SQL operations on metadata object instance.

description

Database object description or None if object doesn’t have a description.

entrypoint

The exported name of the BLOB filter in the filter library.

input_sub_type

The BLOB subtype of the data to be converted by the function.

module_name

The name of the dynamic library or shared object where the code of the BLOB filter is located.

name

Database object name or None if object doesn’t have a name.

output_sub_type

The BLOB subtype of the converted data.

schema = None

Monitoring information

Constants

Shutdown modes for DatabaseInfo.shutdown_mode

  • SHUTDOWN_MODE_ONLINE
  • SHUTDOWN_MODE_MULTI
  • SHUTDOWN_MODE_SINGLE
  • SHUTDOWN_MODE_FULL

Backup states for DatabaseInfo.backup_state

  • BACKUP_STATE_NORMAL
  • BACKUP_STATE_STALLED
  • BACKUP_STATE_MERGE

States for AttachmentInfo.state, TransactionInfo.state and StatementInfo.state

  • STATE_IDLE
  • STATE_ACTIVE

Isolation modes for TransactionInfo.isolation_mode

  • ISOLATION_CONSISTENCY
  • ISOLATION_CONCURRENCY
  • ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED_RV
  • ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED_NO_RV

Special timeout values for TransactionInfo.lock_timeout

  • INFINITE_WAIT
  • NO_WAIT

Group codes for IOStatsInfo.group

  • STAT_DATABASE
  • STAT_ATTACHMENT
  • STAT_TRANSACTION
  • STAT_STATEMENT
  • STAT_CALL

Security database

  • SEC_DEFAULT
  • SEC_SELF
  • SEC_OTHER

Classes

Monitor

class fdb.monitor.Monitor

Class for access to Firebird monitoring tables.

bind(connection)

Bind this instance to specified Connection.

Parameters:connectionConnection instance.
Raises:fdb.ProgrammingError – If Monitor object was set as internal (via _set_as_internal()) or database has ODS lower than 11.1.
clear()

Drop all cached information objects. Force reload of fresh monitoring information on next reference.

close()

Sever link to Connection.

Raises:fdb.ProgrammingError – If Monitor object was set as internal (via _set_as_internal()).
get_attachment(id)

Get AttachmentInfo by ID.

Parameters:id (int) – Attachment ID.
Returns:AttachmentInfo with specified ID or None.
get_call(id)

Get CallStackInfo by ID.

Parameters:id (int) – Callstack ID.
Returns:CallStackInfo with specified ID or None.
get_statement(id)

Get StatementInfo by ID.

Parameters:id (int) – Statement ID.
Returns:StatementInfo with specified ID or None.
get_transaction(id)

Get TransactionInfo by ID.

Parameters:id (int) – Transaction ID.
Returns:TransactionInfo with specified ID or None.
refresh()

Reloads fresh monitoring information.

attachments

ObjectList of all attachments. Items are AttachmentInfo objects.

callstack

ObjectList with complete call stack. Items are CallStackInfo objects.

closed
db

DatabaseInfo object for attached database.

iostats

ObjectList of all I/O statistics. Items are IOStatsInfo objects.

statements

ObjectList of all statements. Items are StatementInfo objects.

tablestats

ObjectList of all table record I/O statistics. Items are TableStatsInfo objects.

this_attachment

AttachmentInfo object for current connection.

transactions

ObjectList of all transactions. Items are TransactionInfo objects.

variables

ObjectList of all context variables. Items are ContextVariableInfo objects.

BaseInfoItem

class fdb.monitor.BaseInfoItem(monitor, attributes)

Bases: object

Base class for all database monitoring objects.

monitor = None
stat_id

Internal ID.

DatabaseInfo

class fdb.monitor.DatabaseInfo(monitor, attributes)

Bases: fdb.monitor.BaseInfoItem

Information about attached database.

backup_state

Current state of database with respect to nbackup physical backup.

cache_size

Number of pages allocated in the page cache.

created

Creation date and time, i.e., when the database was created or last restored.

crypt_page

Number of page being encrypted.

forced_writes

True if database uses synchronous writes.

iostats

IOStatsInfo for this object.

monitor = None
name

Database pathname or alias.

next_transaction

Transaction ID of the next transaction that will be started.

oat

Transaction ID of the oldest active transaction.

ods

On-Disk Structure (ODS) version number.

oit

Transaction ID of the oldest [interesting] transaction.

ost

Transaction ID of the Oldest Snapshot, i.e., the number of the OAT when the last garbage collection was done.

owner

User name of database owner.

page_size

Size of database page in bytes.

pages

Number of pages allocated on disk.

read_only

True if database is Read Only.

reserve_space

True if database reserves space on data pages.

security_database

Type of security database (Default, Self or Other).

shutdown_mode

Current shutdown mode.

sql_dialect

SQL dialect of the database.

stat_id

Internal ID.

sweep_interval

The sweep interval configured in the database header. Value 0 indicates that sweeping is disabled.

tablestats

Dictionary of TableStatsInfo instances for this object.

AttachmentInfo

class fdb.monitor.AttachmentInfo(monitor, attributes)

Bases: fdb.monitor.BaseInfoItem

Information about attachment (connection) to database.

isactive()

Returns True if attachment is active.

isgcallowed()

Returns True if Garbage Collection is enabled for this attachment.

isidle()

Returns True if attachment is idle.

isinternal()

Returns True if attachment is internal system attachment.

terminate()

Terminates client session associated with this attachment.

Raises:fdb.ProgrammingError – If database has ODS lower than 11.2 or this attachement is current session.
auth_method

Authentication method.

character_set

CharacterSet for this attachment.

client_version

Client library version.

id

Attachment ID.

iostats

IOStatsInfo for this object.

monitor = None
name

Database pathname or alias.

remote_address

Remote address.

remote_host

Name of remote host.

remote_os_user

OS user name of client process.

remote_pid

Remote client process ID.

remote_process

Remote client process pathname.

remote_protocol

Remote protocol name.

remote_version

Remote protocol version.

role

Role name.

server_pid

Server process ID.

stat_id

Internal ID.

state

Attachment state (idle/active).

statements

ObjectList of statements associated with attachment. Items are StatementInfo objects.

system

True for system attachments.

tablestats

Dictionary of TableStatsInfo instances for this object.

timestamp

Attachment date/time.

transactions

ObjectList of transactions associated with attachment. Items are TransactionInfo objects.

user

User name.

variables

ObjectList of variables associated with attachment. Items are ContextVariableInfo objects.

TransactionInfo

class fdb.monitor.TransactionInfo(monitor, attributes)

Bases: fdb.monitor.BaseInfoItem

Information about transaction.

isactive()

Returns True if transaction is active.

isautocommit()

Returns True for autocommited transaction.

isautoundo()

Returns True for transaction with automatic undo.

isidle()

Returns True if transaction is idle.

isreadonly()

Returns True if transaction is Read Only.

attachment

AttachmentInfo instance to which this transaction belongs.

id

Transaction ID.

iostats

IOStatsInfo for this object.

isolation_mode

Transaction isolation mode code.

lock_timeout

Lock timeout.

monitor = None
oldest

Oldest transaction (local OIT).

oldest_active

Oldest active transaction (local OAT).

stat_id

Internal ID.

state

Transaction state (idle/active).

statements

ObjectList of statements associated with transaction. Items are StatementInfo objects.

tablestats

Dictionary of TableStatsInfo instances for this object.

timestamp

Transaction start date/time.

top

Top transaction.

variables

ObjectList of variables associated with transaction. Items are ContextVariableInfo objects.

StatementInfo

class fdb.monitor.StatementInfo(monitor, attributes)

Bases: fdb.monitor.BaseInfoItem

Information about executed SQL statement.

isactive()

Returns True if statement is active.

isidle()

Returns True if statement is idle.

terminate()

Terminates execution of statement.

Raises:fdb.ProgrammingError – If this attachement is current session.
attachment

AttachmentInfo instance to which this statement belongs.

callstack

ObjectList with call stack for statement. Items are CallStackInfo objects.

id

Statement ID.

iostats

IOStatsInfo for this object.

monitor = None
plan

Explained execution plan.

sql_text

Statement text, if appropriate.

stat_id

Internal ID.

state

Statement state (idle/active).

tablestats

Dictionary of TableStatsInfo instances for this object.

timestamp

Statement start date/time.

transaction

TransactionInfo instance to which this statement belongs or None.

CallStackInfo

class fdb.monitor.CallStackInfo(monitor, attributes)

Bases: fdb.monitor.BaseInfoItem

Information about PSQL call (stack frame).

caller

Call stack entry (CallStackInfo) of the caller.

column

SQL source column number.

dbobject

PSQL object. Procedure or Trigger instance.

id

Call ID.

iostats

IOStatsInfo for this object.

line

SQL source line number.

monitor = None
package_name

Package name.

stat_id

Internal ID.

statement

Top-level StatementInfo instance to which this call stack entry belongs.

timestamp

Request start date/time.

IOStatsInfo

class fdb.monitor.IOStatsInfo(monitor, attributes)

Bases: fdb.monitor.BaseInfoItem

Information about page and row level I/O operations, and about memory consumption.

backouts

Number of records where a new primary record version or a change to an existing primary record version is backed out due to rollback or savepoint undo.

backversion_reads

Number of record backversion reads.

conflits

Number of record conflits.

deletes

Number of deleted records.

expunges

Number of records where record version chain is being deleted due to deletions by transactions older than OAT.

fetches

Number of page fetches.

fragment_reads

Number of record fragment reads.

group

Object group code.

idx_reads

Number of records read via an index.

inserts

Number of inserted records.

locks

Number of record locks.

marks

Number of pages with changes pending.

max_memory_allocated

Maximum number of bytes allocated from the operating system by this object.

max_memory_used

Maximum number of bytes used by this object.

memory_allocated

Number of bytes currently allocated at the OS level.

memory_used

Number of bytes currently in use.

monitor = None
owner

Object that owns this IOStats instance. Could be either DatabaseInfo, AttachmentInfo, TransactionInfo, StatementInfo or CallStackInfo instance.

purges

Number of records where record version chain is being purged of versions no longer needed by OAT or younger transactions.

reads

Number of page reads.

repeated_reads

Number of repeated record reads.

seq_reads

Number of records read sequentially.

stat_id

Internal ID.

updates

Number of updated records.

waits

Number of record waits.

writes

Number of page writes.

TableStatsInfo

class fdb.monitor.TableStatsInfo(monitor, attributes)

Bases: fdb.monitor.BaseInfoItem

Information about row level I/O operations on single table.

backouts

Number of records where a new primary record version or a change to an existing primary record version is backed out due to rollback or savepoint undo.

backversion_reads

Number of record backversion reads.

conflits

Number of record conflits.

deletes

Number of deleted records.

expunges

Number of records where record version chain is being deleted due to deletions by transactions older than OAT.

fragment_reads

Number of record fragment reads.

group

Object group code.

idx_reads

Number of records read via an index.

inserts

Number of inserted records.

locks

Number of record locks.

monitor = None
owner

Object that owns this TableStats instance. Could be either DatabaseInfo, AttachmentInfo, TransactionInfo, StatementInfo or CallStackInfo instance.

purges

Number of records where record version chain is being purged of versions no longer needed by OAT or younger transactions.

repeated_reads

Number of repeated record reads.

row_stat_id

Internal ID.

seq_reads

Number of records read sequentially.

stat_id

Internal ID.

table_name

Table name.

updates

Number of updated records.

waits

Number of record waits.

ContextVariableInfo

class fdb.monitor.ContextVariableInfo(monitor, attributes)

Bases: fdb.monitor.BaseInfoItem

Information about context variable.

isattachmentvar()

Returns True if variable is associated to attachment context.

istransactionvar()

Returns True if variable is associated to transaction context.

attachment

AttachmentInfo instance to which this context variable belongs or None.

monitor = None
name

Context variable name.

stat_id

Internal ID.

transaction

TransactionInfo instance to which this context variable belongs or None.

value

Value of context variable.

Firebird trace & audit

Constants

Trace event status codes

  • STATUS_OK
  • STATUS_FAILED
  • STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED
  • STATUS_UNKNOWN

Trace event codes

  • EVENT_TRACE_INIT
  • EVENT_TRACE_SUSPEND
  • EVENT_TRACE_END
  • EVENT_CREATE_DATABASE
  • EVENT_DROP_DATABASE
  • EVENT_ATTACH
  • EVENT_DETACH
  • EVENT_TRANSACTION_START
  • EVENT_COMMIT
  • EVENT_ROLLBACK
  • EVENT_COMMIT_R
  • EVENT_ROLLBACK_R
  • EVENT_STMT_PREPARE
  • EVENT_STMT_START
  • EVENT_STMT_END
  • EVENT_STMT_FREE
  • EVENT_STMT_CLOSE
  • EVENT_TRG_START
  • EVENT_TRG_END
  • EVENT_PROC_START
  • EVENT_PROC_END
  • EVENT_SVC_START
  • EVENT_SVC_ATTACH
  • EVENT_SVC_DETACH
  • EVENT_SVC_QUERY
  • EVENT_SET_CONTEXT
  • EVENT_ERROR
  • EVENT_WARNING
  • EVENT_SWEEP_START
  • EVENT_SWEEP_PROGRESS
  • EVENT_SWEEP_FINISH
  • EVENT_SWEEP_FAILED
  • EVENT_BLR_COMPILE
  • EVENT_BLR_EXECUTE
  • EVENT_DYN_EXECUTE
  • EVENT_UNKNOWN
EVENTS:List of trace event names in order matching their numeric codes

Classes

Named tuples for information packages

fdb.trace.AttachmentInfo(attachment_id, database, charset, protocol, address, user, role, remote_process, remote_pid)
fdb.trace.TransactionInfo(attachment_id, transaction_id, options)
fdb.trace.ServiceInfo(service_id, user, protocol, address, remote_process, remote_pid)
fdb.trace.SQLInfo(sql_id, sql, plan)
fdb.trace.ParamInfo(par_id, params)
fdb.trace.AccessTuple(table, natural, index, update, insert, delete, backout, purge, expunge)

Named tuples for individual trace events

fdb.trace.EventTraceInit(event_id, timestamp, session_name)
fdb.trace.EventTraceSuspend(event_id, timestamp, session_name)
fdb.trace.EventTraceFinish(event_id, timestamp, session_name)
fdb.trace.EventCreate(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, database, charset, protocol, address, user, role, remote_process, remote_pid)
fdb.trace.EventDrop(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, database, charset, protocol, address, user, role, remote_process, remote_pid)
fdb.trace.EventAttach(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, database, charset, protocol, address, user, role, remote_process, remote_pid)
fdb.trace.EventDetach(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, database, charset, protocol, address, user, role, remote_process, remote_pid)
fdb.trace.EventTransactionStart(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, options)
fdb.trace.EventCommit(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, options, run_time, reads, writes, fetches, marks)
fdb.trace.EventRollback(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, options, run_time, reads, writes, fetches, marks)
fdb.trace.EventCommitRetaining(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, options, run_time, reads, writes, fetches, marks)
fdb.trace.EventRollbackRetaining(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, options, run_time, reads, writes, fetches, marks)
fdb.trace.EventPrepareStatement(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, statement_id, sql_id, prepare_time)
fdb.trace.EventStatementStart(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, statement_id, sql_id, param_id)
fdb.trace.EventStatementFinish(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, statement_id, sql_id, param_id, records, run_time, reads, writes, fetches, marks, access)
fdb.trace.EventFreeStatement(event_id, timestamp, attachment_id, transaction_id, statement_id, sql_id)
fdb.trace.EventCloseCursor(event_id, timestamp, attachment_id, transaction_id, statement_id, sql_id)
fdb.trace.EventTriggerStart(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, trigger, table, event)
fdb.trace.EventTriggerFinish(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, trigger, table, event, run_time, reads, writes, fetches, marks, access)
fdb.trace.EventProcedureStart(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, procedure, param_id)
fdb.trace.EventProcedureFinish(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, procedure, param_id, run_time, reads, writes, fetches, marks, access)
fdb.trace.EventServiceAttach(event_id, timestamp, status, service_id)
fdb.trace.EventServiceDetach(event_id, timestamp, status, service_id)
fdb.trace.EventServiceStart(event_id, timestamp, status, service_id, action, parameters)
fdb.trace.EventServiceQuery(event_id, timestamp, status, service_id, action, parameters)
fdb.trace.EventSetContext(event_id, timestamp, attachment_id, transaction_id, context, key, value)
fdb.trace.EventError(event_id, timestamp, attachment_id, place, details)
fdb.trace.EventServiceError(event_id, timestamp, service_id, place, details)
fdb.trace.EventWarning(event_id, timestamp, attachment_id, place, details)
fdb.trace.EventServiceWarning(event_id, timestamp, service_id, place, details)
fdb.trace.EventSweepStart(event_id, timestamp, attachment_id, oit, oat, ost, next)
fdb.trace.EventSweepProgress(event_id, timestamp, attachment_id, run_time, reads, writes, fetches, marks, access)
fdb.trace.EventSweepFinish(event_id, timestamp, attachment_id, oit, oat, ost, next, run_time, reads, writes, fetches, marks)
fdb.trace.EventSweepFailed(event_id, timestamp, attachment_id)
fdb.trace.EventBLRCompile(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, statement_id, content, prepare_time)
fdb.trace.EventBLRExecute(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, statement_id, content, run_time, reads, writes, fetches, marks, access)
fdb.trace.EventDYNExecute(event_id, timestamp, status, attachment_id, transaction_id, content, run_time)
fdb.trace.EventUnknown(event_id, timestamp, data)

TraceParser

class fdb.trace.TraceParser

Parser for standard textual trace log. Produces named tuples describing individual trace log entries/events.

Attributes:

Seen_attachments:
 Set of attachment ids that were already processed.
Seen_transactions:
 Set of transaction ids that were already processed.
Seen_services:Set of service ids that were already processed.
Sqlinfo_map:Dictionary that maps (sql_cmd,plan) keys to internal ids
Param_map:Dictionary that maps parameters (statement or procedure) keys to internal ids
Next_event_id:Sequence id that would be assigned to next parsed event (starts with 1).
Next_sql_id:Sequence id that would be assigned to next parsed unique SQL command (starts with 1).
Next_param_id:Sequence id that would be assigned to next parsed unique parameter (starts with 1).
parse(lines)

Parse output from Firebird trace session and yield named tuples describing individual trace log entries/events.

Parameters:lines – Iterable that return lines produced by firebird trace session.
Raises:ParseError – When any problem is found in input stream.
parse_event(trace_block)

Parse single trace event.

Parameters:trace_block (list) – List with trace entry lines for single trace event.
Returns:Named tuple with parsed event.

GSTAT protocols

Module globals

GSTAT version

  • GSTAT_25
  • GSTAT_30

Database attribute codes

  • ATTR_FORCE_WRITE
  • ATTR_NO_RESERVE
  • ATTR_NO_SHARED_CACHE
  • ATTR_ACTIVE_SHADOW
  • ATTR_SHUTDOWN_MULTI
  • ATTR_SHUTDOWN_SINGLE
  • ATTR_SHUTDOWN_FULL
  • ATTR_READ_ONLY
  • ATTR_BACKUP_LOCK
  • ATTR_BACKUP_MERGE
  • ATTR_BACKUP_WRONG

Note

Also works as index to ATTRIBUTES.

ATTRIBUTES:List with database attribute names

Functions

empty_str

fdb.gstat.empty_str(str_)

Return True if string is empty (whitespace don’t count) or None

parse

fdb.gstat.parse(lines)

Parse output from Firebird gstat utility.

Parameters:lines – Iterable of lines produced by Firebird gstat utility.
Returns:StatDatabase instance with parsed results.
Raises:ParseError – When any problem is found in input stream.

Classes

Named tuples

fdb.gstat.FillDistribution(d20, d40, d50, d80, d100)
fdb.gstat.Encryption(pages, encrypted, unencrypted)

StatDatabase

class fdb.gstat.StatDatabase

Bases: object

Firebird database statistics (produced by gstat).

has_encryption_stats()

Return True if instance contains information about database encryption.

has_index_stats()

Return True if instance contains information about indices.

has_row_stats()

Return True if instance contains information about table rows.

has_system()

Return True if instance contains information about system tables.

has_table_stats()

Return True if instance contains information about tables.

Important

This is not the same as check for empty tables list. When gstat is run with -i without -d option, tables list contains instances that does not have any other information about table but table name and its indices.

StatTable

class fdb.gstat.StatTable

Bases: object

Statisctics for single database table.

StatTable3

class fdb.gstat.StatTable3

Bases: fdb.gstat.StatTable

Statisctics for single database table (Firebird 3 and above).

StatIndex

class fdb.gstat.StatIndex(table)

Bases: object

Statisctics for single database index.

StatIndex3

class fdb.gstat.StatIndex3(table)

Bases: fdb.gstat.StatIndex

Statisctics for single database index (Firebird 3 and above).

Firebird server log

Functions

parse

fdb.log.parse(lines)

Parse Firebird server log and yield named tuples describing individual log entries/events.

Parameters:lines – Iterable of lines from Firebird server log.
Raises:ParseError – When any problem is found in input stream.

Classes

Named tuples

fdb.log.LogEntry(source_id, timestamp, message)

Utilities

Functions

fdb.utils.update_meta(self, other)

Helper function for LateBindingProperty class.

fdb.utils.iter_class_properties(cls)

Iterator that yields name, property pairs for all properties in class.

Parameters:cls (class) – Class object.
fdb.utils.iter_class_variables(cls)

Iterator that yields names of all non-callable attributes in class.

Parameters:cls (class) – Class object.
fdb.utils.embed_attributes(from_class, attr)

Class decorator that injects properties and attributes from another class instance embedded in class instances. Only attributes and properties that are not already defined in decorated class are injected.

param class from_class:
 Class that should extend decorated class.
param string attr:
 Attribute name that holds instance of embedded class within decorated class instance.

Classes

LateBindingProperty

class fdb.utils.LateBindingProperty

Bases: property

Property class that binds to getter/setter/deleter methods when instance of class that define the property is created. This allows you to override these methods in descendant classes (if they are not private) without necessity to redeclare the property itself in descendant class.

Recipe from Tim Delaney, 2005/03/31 http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/408713

class C(object):

    def getx(self):
        print 'C.getx'
        return self._x

    def setx(self, x):
        print 'C.setx'
        self._x = x

    def delx(self):
        print 'C.delx'
        del self._x

    x = LateBindingProperty(getx, setx, delx)

class D(C):

    def setx(self, x):
        print 'D.setx'
        super(D, self).setx(x)

    def delx(self):
        print 'D.delx'
        super(D, self).delx()

c = C()
c.x = 1
c.x
c.x
del c.x

print

d = D()
d.x = 1
d.x
d.x
del d.x

This has the advantages that:

  1. You get back an actual property object (with attendant memory savings, performance increases, etc);
  2. It’s the same syntax as using property(fget, fset, fdel, doc) except for the name;
  3. It will fail earlier (when you define the class as opposed to when you use it).
  4. It’s shorter ;)
  5. If you inspect the property you will get back functions with the correct __name__, __doc__, etc.

Iterator

class fdb.utils.Iterator(method, sentinel=None)

Generic iterator implementation.

Parameters:
  • method – Callable without parameters that returns next item.
  • sentinel – Value that when returned by method indicates the end of sequence.
next()

EmbeddedProperty

class fdb.utils.EmbeddedProperty(obj, prop)

Bases: property

Property class that forwards calls to getter/setter/deleter methods to respective property methods of another object. This class allows you to “inject” properties from embedded object into class definition of parent object.

Parameters:
  • obj (string) – Attribute name with embedded object.
  • prop (property) – Property instance from embedded object.

EmbeddedAttribute

class fdb.utils.EmbeddedAttribute(obj, attr)

Bases: property

Property class that gets/sets attribute of another object. This class allows you to “inject” attributes from embedded object into class definition of parent object.

Parameters:
  • obj (string) – Attribute name with embedded object.
  • attr (string) – Attribute name from embedded object.

ObjectList

class fdb.utils.ObjectList(items=None, _cls=None, key_expr=None)

Bases: list

List of objects with additional functionality.

New in version 2.0.

Parameters:
  • items (iterable) – Sequence to initialize the collection.
  • _cls – Class or list/tuple of classes. Only instances of these classes would be allowed in collection.
  • key_expr (str) – Key expression. Must contain item referrence as item, for example item.attribute_name.
Raises:

ValueError – When initialization sequence contains invalid instance.

all(expr)

Return True if expr is evaluated as True for all list elements.

Parameters:expr – Boolean expression, a callable accepting one parameter or expression as string referencing list item as item.

Example:

all(lambda x: x.name.startswith("ABC"))
all('item.name.startswith("ABC")')
any(expr)

Return True if expr is evaluated as True for any list element.

Parameters:expr – Boolean expression, a callable accepting one parameter or expression as string referencing list item as item.

Example:

any(lambda x: x.name.startswith("ABC"))
any('item.name.startswith("ABC")')
append(item)

Add an item to the end of the list.

Raises:TypeError – When list is frozen or item is not an instance of allowed class
clear()

Remove all items from the list.

Raises:TypeError – When list is frozen.
contains(value, expr=None)

Return True if list has any item with default or specified key expression equal to given value.

Parameters:
  • value – Tested key value.
  • expr – Key value expression, a callable accepting two parameters (item,value) or expression as string referencing list item as item.

Examples:

# Search using default key expression
contains('ITEM_NAME')
# Search using callable key expression
contains('ITEM_NAME',lambda x: x.name.upper())
# Search using string key expression
contains('ITEM_NAME','item.name.upper()')
ecount(expr)

Return number of items for which expr is evaluated as True.

Parameters:expr – Boolean expression, a callable accepting one parameter or expression as string referencing list item as item.

Example:

ecount(lambda x: x.name.startswith("ABC"))
ecount('item.name.startswith("ABC")')
extend(iterable)

Extend the list by appending all the items in the given iterable.

Raises:TypeError – When list is frozen or item is not an instance of allowed class
extract(expr)

Move items for which expr is evaluated as True into new ObjectLists.

Parameters:expr – Boolean expression, a callable accepting one parameter or expression as string referencing list item as item.
Raises:TypeError – When list is frozen.

Example:

extract(lambda x: x.name.startswith("ABC"))
extract('item.name.startswith("ABC")')
filter(expr)

Return new ObjectList of items for which expr is evaluated as True.

Parameters:expr – Boolean expression, a callable accepting one parameter or expression as string referencing list item as item.

Example:

filter(lambda x: x.name.startswith("ABC"))
filter('item.name.startswith("ABC")')
freeze()

Set list to immutable (frozen) state.

get(value, expr=None)

Return item with given key value using default or specified key expression, or None if there is no such item.

Uses very fast method to look up value of default key expression in frozen list, otherwise it uses slower list traversal.

Parameters:
  • value – Searched value.
  • expr – Key value expression, a callable accepting two parameters (item,value) or expression as string referencing list item as item.
Raises:

TypeError – If key expression is not defined.

Examples:

# Search using default key expression
get('ITEM_NAME')
# Search using callable key expression
get('ITEM_NAME',lambda x: x.name.upper())
# Search using string key expression
get('ITEM_NAME','item.name.upper()')
ifilter(expr)

Return generator that yields items for which expr is evaluated as True.

Parameters:expr – Boolean expression, a callable accepting one parameter or expression as string referencing list item as item.

Example:

ifilter(lambda x: x.name.startswith("ABC"))
ifilter('item.name.startswith("ABC")')
ifilterfalse(expr)

Return generator that yields items for which expr is evaluated as False.

Parameters:expr – Boolean expression, a callable accepting one parameter or expression as string referencing list item as item.

Example:

ifilter(lambda x: x.name.startswith("ABC"))
ifilter('item.name.startswith("ABC")')
insert(index, item)

Insert item before index.

Raises:TypeError – When list is frozen or item is not an instance of allowed class
ireport(*args)

Return generator that yields data produced by expression(s) evaluated on list items.

Parameter(s) could be one from:

  • A callable accepting one parameter and returning data for output
  • One or more expressions as string referencing item as item.

Examples:

# generator of tuples with item.name and item.size

report(lambda x: (x.name, x.size))
report('item.name','item.size')

# generator of item names

report(lambda x: x.name)
report('item.name')
report(*args)

Return list of data produced by expression(s) evaluated on list items.

Parameter(s) could be one from:

  • A callable accepting one parameter and returning data for output
  • One or more expressions as string referencing item as item.

Examples:

# returns list of tuples with item.name and item.size

report(lambda x: (x.name, x.size))
report('item.name','item.size')

# returns list of item names

report(lambda x: x.name)
report('item.name')
reverse()

Reverse the elements of the list, in place.

Raises:TypeError – When list is frozen.
sort(attrs=None, expr=None, reverse=False)

Sort items in-place, optionaly using attribute values as key or key expression.

Parameters:
  • attrs (list) – List of attribute names.
  • expr – Key expression, a callable accepting one parameter or expression as string referencing list item as item.

Important

Only one parameter (attrs or expr) could be specified. If none is present then uses default list sorting rule.

Raises:TypeError – When list is frozen.

Examples:

sort(attrs=['name','degree'])       # Sort by item.name, item.degree
sort(expr=lambda x: x.name.upper()) # Sort by upper item.name
sort(expr='item.name.upper()')      # Sort by upper item.name
split(expr)

Return two new ObjectLists, first with items for which expr is evaluated as True and second for expr evaluated as False.

Parameters:expr – Boolean expression, a callable accepting one parameter or expression as string referencing list item as item.

Example:

split(lambda x: x.size > 100)
split('item.size > 100')
frozen

True if list is immutable

key

Key expression

Visitable

class fdb.utils.Visitable

Base class for Visitor Pattern support.

New in version 2.0.

accept(visitor)

Visitor Pattern support. Calls visit(self) on parameter object.

Parameters:visitor – Visitor object of Visitor Pattern.

Visitor

class fdb.utils.Visitor

Base class for Visitor Pattern visitors.

New in version 2.0.

Descendants may implement methods to handle individual object types that follow naming pattern visit_<class_name>. Calls default_action() if appropriate special method is not defined.

Important

This implementation uses Python Method Resolution Order (__mro__) to find special handling method, so special method for given class is used also for its decendants.

Example:

class Node(object): pass
class A(Node): pass
class B(Node): pass
class C(A,B): pass

class MyVisitor(object):
    def default_action(self, obj):
        print 'default_action '+obj.__class__.__name__

    def visit_B(self, obj):
        print 'visit_B '+obj.__class__.__name__


a = A()
b = B()
c = C()
visitor = MyVisitor()
visitor.visit(a)
visitor.visit(b)
visitor.visit(c)

Will create output:

default_action A
visit_B B
visit_B C
default_action(obj)

Default handler for visited objects.

Parameters:obj (object) – Object to be handled.

Note

This implementation does nothing!

visit(obj)

Dispatch to method that handles obj.

First traverses the obj.__mro__ to try find method with name following visit_<class_name> pattern and calls it with obj. Otherwise it calls default_action().

Parameters:obj (object) – Object to be handled by visitor.

ctypes interface to Firebird client library

ctypes interface to fbclient.so/dll is defined in submodule fdb.ibase and fdb.blr.

The fdb.ibase is the main module for Firebird API. The fdb.blr module contains only constants related to Firebird’s low-level Binary Language Representation (BLR).

Constants

C integer limit constants

  • SHRT_MIN
  • SHRT_MAX
  • USHRT_MAX
  • INT_MIN
  • INT_MAX
  • UINT_MAX
  • LONG_MIN
  • LONG_MAX
  • SSIZE_T_MIN
  • SSIZE_T_MAX

Type codes

  • SQL_TEXT
  • SQL_VARYING
  • SQL_SHORT
  • SQL_LONG
  • SQL_FLOAT
  • SQL_DOUBLE
  • SQL_D_FLOAT
  • SQL_TIMESTAMP
  • SQL_BLOB
  • SQL_ARRAY
  • SQL_QUAD
  • SQL_TYPE_TIME
  • SQL_TYPE_DATE
  • SQL_INT64
  • SQL_BOOLEAN
  • SQL_NULL
  • SUBTYPE_NUMERIC
  • SUBTYPE_DECIMAL

Internal type codes (for example used by ARRAY descriptor)

  • blr_text
  • blr_text2
  • blr_short
  • blr_long
  • blr_quad
  • blr_float
  • blr_double
  • blr_d_float
  • blr_timestamp
  • blr_varying
  • blr_varying2
  • blr_blob
  • blr_cstring
  • blr_cstring2
  • blr_blob_id
  • blr_sql_date
  • blr_sql_time
  • blr_int64
  • blr_blob2
  • blr_domain_name
  • blr_domain_name2
  • blr_not_nullable
  • blr_column_name
  • blr_column_name2
  • blr_bool

Database parameter block stuff

  • isc_dpb_version1
  • isc_dpb_version2
  • isc_dpb_cdd_pathname
  • isc_dpb_allocation
  • isc_dpb_page_size
  • isc_dpb_num_buffers
  • isc_dpb_buffer_length
  • isc_dpb_debug
  • isc_dpb_garbage_collect
  • isc_dpb_verify
  • isc_dpb_sweep
  • isc_dpb_dbkey_scope
  • isc_dpb_number_of_users
  • isc_dpb_trace
  • isc_dpb_no_garbage_collect
  • isc_dpb_damaged
  • isc_dpb_sys_user_name
  • isc_dpb_encrypt_key
  • isc_dpb_activate_shadow
  • isc_dpb_sweep_interval
  • isc_dpb_delete_shadow
  • isc_dpb_force_write
  • isc_dpb_begin_log
  • isc_dpb_quit_log
  • isc_dpb_no_reserve
  • isc_dpb_user_name
  • isc_dpb_password
  • isc_dpb_password_enc
  • isc_dpb_sys_user_name_enc
  • isc_dpb_interp
  • isc_dpb_online_dump
  • isc_dpb_old_file_size
  • isc_dpb_old_num_files
  • isc_dpb_old_file
  • isc_dpb_old_start_page
  • isc_dpb_old_start_seqno
  • isc_dpb_old_start_file
  • isc_dpb_old_dump_id
  • isc_dpb_lc_messages
  • isc_dpb_lc_ctype
  • isc_dpb_cache_manager
  • isc_dpb_shutdown
  • isc_dpb_online
  • isc_dpb_shutdown_delay
  • isc_dpb_reserved
  • isc_dpb_overwrite
  • isc_dpb_sec_attach
  • isc_dpb_connect_timeout
  • isc_dpb_dummy_packet_interval
  • isc_dpb_gbak_attach
  • isc_dpb_sql_role_name
  • isc_dpb_set_page_buffers
  • isc_dpb_working_directory
  • isc_dpb_sql_dialect
  • isc_dpb_set_db_readonly
  • isc_dpb_set_db_sql_dialect
  • isc_dpb_gfix_attach
  • isc_dpb_gstat_attach
  • isc_dpb_set_db_charset
  • isc_dpb_gsec_attach
  • isc_dpb_address_path
  • isc_dpb_process_id
  • isc_dpb_no_db_triggers
  • isc_dpb_trusted_auth
  • isc_dpb_process_name
  • isc_dpb_trusted_role
  • isc_dpb_org_filename
  • isc_dpb_utf8_filename
  • isc_dpb_ext_call_depth
  • isc_dpb_auth_block
  • isc_dpb_remote_protocol
  • isc_dpb_client_version
  • isc_dpb_host_name
  • isc_dpb_os_user
  • isc_dpb_specific_auth_data
  • isc_dpb_auth_plugin_list
  • isc_dpb_auth_plugin_name
  • isc_dpb_config
  • isc_dpb_nolinger
  • isc_dpb_reset_icu
  • isc_dpb_map_attach

Info structural codes

  • isc_info_end
  • isc_info_truncated
  • isc_info_error
  • isc_info_data_not_ready
  • isc_info_length
  • isc_info_flag_end

DB Info item codes

isc_info_db_id:[db_filename,site_name[,site_name…]]
isc_info_reads:number of page reads
isc_info_writes:
 number of page writes
isc_info_fetches:
 number of reads from the memory buffer cache
isc_info_marks:number of writes to the memory buffer cache
isc_info_implementation:
 (implementation code, implementation class)
isc_info_isc_version:
 interbase server version identification string
isc_info_base_level:
 capability version of the server
isc_info_page_size:
 database page size
isc_info_num_buffers:
 number of memory buffers currently allocated
isc_info_limbo:limbo transactions
isc_info_current_memory:
 amount of server memory (in bytes) currently in use
isc_info_max_memory:
 maximum amount of memory (in bytes) used at one time since the first process attached to the database
isc_info_allocation:
 number of last database page allocated
isc_info_attachment_id:
 attachment id number

all *_count codes below return {[table_id]=operation_count,…}; table IDs are in the system table RDB$RELATIONS.

isc_info_read_seq_count:
 number of sequential table scans (row reads) done on each table since the database was last attached
isc_info_read_idx_count:
 number of reads done via an index since the database was last attached
isc_info_insert_count:
 number of inserts into the database since the database was last attached
isc_info_update_count:
 number of database updates since the database was last attached
isc_info_delete_count:
 number of database deletes since the database was last attached
isc_info_backout_count:
 number of removals of a version of a record
isc_info_purge_count:
 number of removals of old versions of fully mature records (records that are committed, so that older ancestor versions are no longer needed)
isc_info_expunge_count:
 number of removals of a record and all of its ancestors, for records whose deletions have been committed
isc_info_sweep_interval:
 number of transactions that are committed between sweeps to remove database record versions that are no longer needed
isc_info_ods_version:
 On-disk structure (ODS) minor major version number
isc_info_ods_minor_version:
 On-disk structure (ODS) minor version number
isc_info_no_reserve:
 20% page space reservation for holding backup versions of modified records: 0=yes, 1=no
isc_info_forced_writes:
 mode in which database writes are performed: 0=sync, 1=async
isc_info_user_names:
 array of names of all the users currently attached to the database
isc_info_page_errors:
 number of page level errors validate found
isc_info_record_errors:
 number of record level errors validate found
isc_info_bpage_errors:
 number of blob page errors validate found
isc_info_dpage_errors:
 number of data page errors validate found
isc_info_ipage_errors:
 number of index page errors validate found
isc_info_ppage_errors:
 number of pointer page errors validate found
isc_info_tpage_errors:
 number of transaction page errors validate found
isc_info_set_page_buffers:
 number of memory buffers that should be allocated
isc_info_db_sql_dialect:
 dialect of currently attached database
isc_info_db_read_only:
 whether the database is read-only (1) or not (0)
isc_info_db_size_in_pages:
 number of allocated pages
frb_info_att_charset:
 charset of current attachment
isc_info_db_class:
 server architecture
isc_info_firebird_version:
 firebird server version identification string
isc_info_oldest_transaction:
 ID of oldest transaction
isc_info_oldest_active:
 ID of oldest active transaction
isc_info_oldest_snapshot:
 ID of oldest snapshot transaction
isc_info_next_transaction:
 ID of next transaction
isc_info_db_provider:
 for firebird is ‘isc_info_db_code_firebird’
isc_info_active_transactions:
 array of active transaction IDs
isc_info_active_tran_count:
 number of active transactions
isc_info_creation_date:
 time_t struct representing database creation date & time
isc_info_db_file_size:
 added in FB 2.1, nbackup-related - size (in pages) of locked db
fb_info_page_contents:
 added in FB 2.5, get raw page contents; takes page_number as parameter;
fb_info_implementation:
 (cpu code, OS code, compiler code, flags, implementation class)
fb_info_page_warns:
 number of page level warnings validate found
fb_info_record_warns:
 number of record level warnings validate found
fb_info_bpage_warns:
 number of blob page level warnings validate found
fb_info_dpage_warns:
 number of data page level warnings validate found
fb_info_ipage_warns:
 number of index page level warnings validate found
fb_info_ppage_warns:
 number of pointer page level warnings validate found
fb_info_tpage_warns:
 number of trabsaction page level warnings validate found
fb_info_pip_errors:
 number of pip page level errors validate found
fb_info_pip_warns:
 number of pip page level warnings validate found
isc_info_version:
 = isc_info_isc_version

Blob information items

  • isc_info_blob_num_segments
  • isc_info_blob_max_segment
  • isc_info_blob_total_length
  • isc_info_blob_type

Transaction information items

  • isc_info_tra_id
  • isc_info_tra_oldest_interesting
  • isc_info_tra_oldest_snapshot
  • isc_info_tra_oldest_active
  • isc_info_tra_isolation
  • isc_info_tra_access
  • isc_info_tra_lock_timeout
  • fb_info_tra_dbpath

isc_info_tra_isolation responses:

  • isc_info_tra_consistency
  • isc_info_tra_concurrency
  • isc_info_tra_read_committed

isc_info_tra_read_committed options:

  • isc_info_tra_no_rec_version
  • isc_info_tra_rec_version

isc_info_tra_access responses:

  • isc_info_tra_readonly
  • isc_info_tra_readwrite

SQL information items

  • isc_info_sql_select
  • isc_info_sql_bind
  • isc_info_sql_num_variables
  • isc_info_sql_describe_vars
  • isc_info_sql_describe_end
  • isc_info_sql_sqlda_seq
  • isc_info_sql_message_seq
  • isc_info_sql_type
  • isc_info_sql_sub_type
  • isc_info_sql_scale
  • isc_info_sql_length
  • isc_info_sql_null_ind
  • isc_info_sql_field
  • isc_info_sql_relation
  • isc_info_sql_owner
  • isc_info_sql_alias
  • isc_info_sql_sqlda_start
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_type
  • isc_info_sql_get_plan
  • isc_info_sql_records
  • isc_info_sql_batch_fetch
  • isc_info_sql_relation_alias
  • isc_info_sql_explain_plan
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_flags

SQL information return values

  • isc_info_sql_stmt_select
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_insert
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_update
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_delete
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_ddl
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_get_segment
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_put_segment
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_exec_procedure
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_start_trans
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_commit
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_rollback
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_select_for_upd
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_set_generator
  • isc_info_sql_stmt_savepoint

Transaction parameter block stuff

  • isc_tpb_version1
  • isc_tpb_version3
  • isc_tpb_consistency
  • isc_tpb_concurrency
  • isc_tpb_shared
  • isc_tpb_protected
  • isc_tpb_exclusive
  • isc_tpb_wait
  • isc_tpb_nowait
  • isc_tpb_read
  • isc_tpb_write
  • isc_tpb_lock_read
  • isc_tpb_lock_write
  • isc_tpb_verb_time
  • isc_tpb_commit_time
  • isc_tpb_ignore_limbo
  • isc_tpb_read_committed
  • isc_tpb_autocommit
  • isc_tpb_rec_version
  • isc_tpb_no_rec_version
  • isc_tpb_restart_requests
  • isc_tpb_no_auto_undo
  • isc_tpb_lock_timeout

BLOB parameter buffer

  • isc_bpb_version1
  • isc_bpb_source_type
  • isc_bpb_target_type
  • isc_bpb_type
  • isc_bpb_source_interp
  • isc_bpb_target_interp
  • isc_bpb_filter_parameter
  • isc_bpb_storage
  • isc_bpb_type_segmented
  • isc_bpb_type_stream
  • isc_bpb_storage_main
  • isc_bpb_storage_temp

Service parameter block stuff

  • isc_spb_current_version
  • isc_spb_version
  • isc_spb_version3
  • isc_spb_user_name
  • isc_spb_sys_user_name
  • isc_spb_sys_user_name_enc
  • isc_spb_password
  • isc_spb_password_enc
  • isc_spb_command_line
  • isc_spb_dbname
  • isc_spb_verbose
  • isc_spb_options
  • isc_spb_address_path
  • isc_spb_process_id
  • isc_spb_trusted_auth
  • isc_spb_process_name
  • isc_spb_trusted_role
  • isc_spb_verbint
  • isc_spb_auth_block
  • isc_spb_auth_plugin_name
  • isc_spb_auth_plugin_list
  • isc_spb_utf8_filename
  • isc_spb_client_version
  • isc_spb_remote_protocol
  • isc_spb_host_name
  • isc_spb_os_user
  • isc_spb_config
  • isc_spb_expected_db

Parameters for isc_action_{add|del|mod|disp)_user:

  • isc_spb_sec_userid
  • isc_spb_sec_groupid
  • isc_spb_sec_username
  • isc_spb_sec_password
  • isc_spb_sec_groupname
  • isc_spb_sec_firstname
  • isc_spb_sec_middlename
  • isc_spb_sec_lastname
  • isc_spb_sec_admin

Parameters for isc_action_svc_backup:

  • isc_spb_bkp_file
  • isc_spb_bkp_factor
  • isc_spb_bkp_length
  • isc_spb_bkp_skip_data
  • isc_spb_bkp_stat
  • isc_spb_bkp_ignore_checksums
  • isc_spb_bkp_ignore_limbo
  • isc_spb_bkp_metadata_only
  • isc_spb_bkp_no_garbage_collect
  • isc_spb_bkp_old_descriptions
  • isc_spb_bkp_non_transportable
  • isc_spb_bkp_convert
  • isc_spb_bkp_expand
  • isc_spb_bkp_no_triggers

Parameters for isc_action_svc_properties:

  • isc_spb_prp_page_buffers
  • isc_spb_prp_sweep_interval
  • isc_spb_prp_shutdown_db
  • isc_spb_prp_deny_new_attachments
  • isc_spb_prp_deny_new_transactions
  • isc_spb_prp_reserve_space
  • isc_spb_prp_write_mode
  • isc_spb_prp_access_mode
  • isc_spb_prp_set_sql_dialect
  • isc_spb_prp_activate
  • isc_spb_prp_db_online
  • isc_spb_prp_nolinger
  • isc_spb_prp_force_shutdown
  • isc_spb_prp_attachments_shutdown
  • isc_spb_prp_transactions_shutdown
  • isc_spb_prp_shutdown_mode
  • isc_spb_prp_online_mode

Parameters for isc_spb_prp_shutdown_mode and isc_spb_prp_online_mode:

  • isc_spb_prp_sm_normal
  • isc_spb_prp_sm_multi
  • isc_spb_prp_sm_single
  • isc_spb_prp_sm_full

Parameters for isc_spb_prp_reserve_space:

  • isc_spb_prp_res_use_full
  • isc_spb_prp_res

Parameters for isc_spb_prp_write_mode:

  • isc_spb_prp_wm_async
  • isc_spb_prp_wm_sync

Parameters for isc_action_svc_validate:

  • isc_spb_val_tab_incl
  • isc_spb_val_tab_excl
  • isc_spb_val_idx_incl
  • isc_spb_val_idx_excl
  • isc_spb_val_lock_timeout

Parameters for isc_spb_prp_access_mode:

  • isc_spb_rpr_commit_trans
  • isc_spb_rpr_rollback_trans
  • isc_spb_rpr_recover_two_phase
  • isc_spb_tra_id
  • isc_spb_single_tra_id
  • isc_spb_multi_tra_id
  • isc_spb_tra_state
  • isc_spb_tra_state_limbo
  • isc_spb_tra_state_commit
  • isc_spb_tra_state_rollback
  • isc_spb_tra_state_unknown
  • isc_spb_tra_host_site
  • isc_spb_tra_remote_site
  • isc_spb_tra_db_path
  • isc_spb_tra_advise
  • isc_spb_tra_advise_commit
  • isc_spb_tra_advise_rollback
  • isc_spb_tra_advise_unknown
  • isc_spb_tra_id_64
  • isc_spb_single_tra_id_64
  • isc_spb_multi_tra_id_64
  • isc_spb_rpr_commit_trans_64
  • isc_spb_rpr_rollback_trans_64
  • isc_spb_rpr_recover_two_phase_64
  • isc_spb_rpr_validate_db
  • isc_spb_rpr_sweep_db
  • isc_spb_rpr_mend_db
  • isc_spb_rpr_list_limbo_trans
  • isc_spb_rpr_check_db
  • isc_spb_rpr_ignore_checksum
  • isc_spb_rpr_kill_shadows
  • isc_spb_rpr_full
  • isc_spb_rpr_icu

Parameters for isc_action_svc_restore:

  • isc_spb_res_skip_data
  • isc_spb_res_buffers
  • isc_spb_res_page_size
  • isc_spb_res_length
  • isc_spb_res_access_mode
  • isc_spb_res_fix_fss_data
  • isc_spb_res_fix_fss_metadata
  • isc_spb_res_stat
  • isc_spb_res_metadata_only
  • isc_spb_res_deactivate_idx
  • isc_spb_res_no_shadow
  • isc_spb_res_no_validity
  • isc_spb_res_one_at_a_time
  • isc_spb_res_replace
  • isc_spb_res_create
  • isc_spb_res_use_all_space

Parameters for isc_spb_res_access_mode:

  • isc_spb_res_am_readonly
  • isc_spb_res_am_readwrite

Parameters for isc_info_svc_svr_db_info:

  • isc_spb_num_att
  • isc_spb_num_db

Parameters for isc_info_svc_db_stats:

  • isc_spb_sts_data_pages
  • isc_spb_sts_db_log
  • isc_spb_sts_hdr_pages
  • isc_spb_sts_idx_pages
  • isc_spb_sts_sys_relations
  • isc_spb_sts_record_versions
  • isc_spb_sts_table
  • isc_spb_sts_nocreation
  • isc_spb_sts_encryption

Parameters for isc_action_svc_nbak:

  • isc_spb_nbk_level
  • isc_spb_nbk_file
  • isc_spb_nbk_direct
  • isc_spb_nbk_no_triggers

Parameters for trace:

  • isc_spb_trc_id
  • isc_spb_trc_name
  • isc_spb_trc_cfg

Service action items

  • isc_action_svc_backup
  • isc_action_svc_restore
  • isc_action_svc_repair
  • isc_action_svc_add_user
  • isc_action_svc_delete_user
  • isc_action_svc_modify_user
  • isc_action_svc_display_user
  • isc_action_svc_properties
  • isc_action_svc_add_license
  • isc_action_svc_remove_license
  • isc_action_svc_db_stats
  • isc_action_svc_get_ib_log
  • isc_action_svc_get_fb_log
  • isc_action_svc_nbak
  • isc_action_svc_nrest
  • isc_action_svc_trace_start
  • isc_action_svc_trace_stop
  • isc_action_svc_trace_suspend
  • isc_action_svc_trace_resume
  • isc_action_svc_trace_list
  • isc_action_svc_set_mapping
  • isc_action_svc_drop_mapping
  • isc_action_svc_display_user_adm
  • isc_action_svc_validate

Service information items

  • isc_info_svc_svr_db_info
  • isc_info_svc_get_config
  • isc_info_svc_version
  • isc_info_svc_server_version
  • isc_info_svc_implementation
  • isc_info_svc_capabilities
  • isc_info_svc_user_dbpath
  • isc_info_svc_get_env
  • isc_info_svc_get_env_lock
  • isc_info_svc_get_env_msg
  • isc_info_svc_line
  • isc_info_svc_to_eof
  • isc_info_svc_timeout
  • isc_info_svc_limbo_trans
  • isc_info_svc_running
  • isc_info_svc_get_users
  • isc_info_svc_auth_block
  • isc_info_svc_stdin

BLOB action codes

  • blb_got_eof
  • blb_got_fragment
  • blb_got_full_segment
  • blb_seek_relative
  • blb_seek_from_tail

Implementation codes

  • isc_info_db_impl_rdb_vms
  • isc_info_db_impl_rdb_eln
  • isc_info_db_impl_rdb_eln_dev
  • isc_info_db_impl_rdb_vms_y
  • isc_info_db_impl_rdb_eln_y
  • isc_info_db_impl_jri
  • isc_info_db_impl_jsv
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_apl_68K
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_vax_ultr
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_vms
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_sun_68k
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_os2
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_sun4
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_hp_ux
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_sun_386i
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_vms_orcl
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_mac_aux
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_rt_aix
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_mips_ult
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_xenix
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_dg
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_hp_mpexl
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_hp_ux68K
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_sgi
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_sco_unix
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_cray
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_imp
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_delta
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_next
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_dos
  • isc_info_db_impl_m88K
  • isc_info_db_impl_unixware
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_winnt_x86
  • isc_info_db_impl_isc_epson
  • isc_info_db_impl_alpha_osf
  • isc_info_db_impl_alpha_vms
  • isc_info_db_impl_netware_386
  • isc_info_db_impl_win_only
  • isc_info_db_impl_ncr_3000
  • isc_info_db_impl_winnt_ppc
  • isc_info_db_impl_dg_x86
  • isc_info_db_impl_sco_ev
  • isc_info_db_impl_i386
  • isc_info_db_impl_freebsd
  • isc_info_db_impl_netbsd
  • isc_info_db_impl_darwin_ppc
  • isc_info_db_impl_sinixz
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_sparc
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_amd64
  • isc_info_db_impl_freebsd_amd64
  • isc_info_db_impl_winnt_amd64
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_ppc
  • isc_info_db_impl_darwin_x86
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_mipsel
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_mips
  • isc_info_db_impl_darwin_x64
  • isc_info_db_impl_sun_amd64
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_arm
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_ia64
  • isc_info_db_impl_darwin_ppc64
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_s390x
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_s390
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_sh
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_sheb
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_hppa
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_alpha
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_arm64
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_ppc64el
  • isc_info_db_impl_linux_ppc64

Info DB provider codes

  • isc_info_db_code_rdb_eln
  • isc_info_db_code_rdb_vms
  • isc_info_db_code_interbase
  • isc_info_db_code_firebird

Info DB class codes

  • isc_info_db_class_access
  • isc_info_db_class_y_valve
  • isc_info_db_class_rem_int
  • isc_info_db_class_rem_srvr
  • isc_info_db_class_pipe_int
  • isc_info_db_class_pipe_srvr
  • isc_info_db_class_sam_int
  • isc_info_db_class_sam_srvr
  • isc_info_db_class_gateway
  • isc_info_db_class_cache
  • isc_info_db_class_classic_access
  • isc_info_db_class_server_access

Request information items

  • isc_info_number_messages
  • isc_info_max_message
  • isc_info_max_send
  • isc_info_max_receive
  • isc_info_state
  • isc_info_message_number
  • isc_info_message_size
  • isc_info_request_cost
  • isc_info_access_path
  • isc_info_req_select_count
  • isc_info_req_insert_count
  • isc_info_req_update_count
  • isc_info_req_delete_count

Access path items

  • isc_info_rsb_end
  • isc_info_rsb_begin
  • isc_info_rsb_type
  • isc_info_rsb_relation
  • isc_info_rsb_plan

Record Source Block (RSB) types

  • isc_info_rsb_unknown
  • isc_info_rsb_indexed
  • isc_info_rsb_navigate
  • isc_info_rsb_sequential
  • isc_info_rsb_cross
  • isc_info_rsb_sort
  • isc_info_rsb_first
  • isc_info_rsb_boolean
  • isc_info_rsb_union
  • isc_info_rsb_aggregate
  • isc_info_rsb_merge
  • isc_info_rsb_ext_sequential
  • isc_info_rsb_ext_indexed
  • isc_info_rsb_ext_dbkey
  • isc_info_rsb_left_cross
  • isc_info_rsb_select
  • isc_info_rsb_sql_join
  • isc_info_rsb_simulate
  • isc_info_rsb_sim_cross
  • isc_info_rsb_once
  • isc_info_rsb_procedure
  • isc_info_rsb_skip
  • isc_info_rsb_virt_sequential
  • isc_info_rsb_recursive
  • isc_info_rsb_window
  • isc_info_rsb_singular
  • isc_info_rsb_writelock
  • isc_info_rsb_buffer
  • isc_info_rsb_hash

RSB Bitmap expressions

  • isc_info_rsb_and
  • isc_info_rsb_or
  • isc_info_rsb_dbkey
  • isc_info_rsb_index

Info request response codes

  • isc_info_req_active
  • isc_info_req_inactive
  • isc_info_req_send
  • isc_info_req_receive
  • isc_info_req_select
  • isc_info_req_sql_stall

Blob Subtypes

  • isc_blob_untyped
  • isc_blob_text
  • isc_blob_blr
  • isc_blob_acl
  • isc_blob_ranges
  • isc_blob_summary
  • isc_blob_format
  • isc_blob_tra
  • isc_blob_extfile
  • isc_blob_debug_info
  • isc_blob_max_predefined_subtype

Cancel types for fb_cancel_operation

  • fb_cancel_disable
  • fb_cancel_enable
  • fb_cancel_raise
  • fb_cancel_abort

Other constants

  • DSQL_close
  • DSQL_drop
  • DSQL_unprepare
  • SQLDA_version1
  • isc_info_req_select_count
  • isc_info_req_insert_count
  • isc_info_req_update_count
  • isc_info_req_delete_count

flags set in fb_info_crypt_state:

  • fb_info_crypt_encrypted
  • fb_info_crypt_process
FB_API_VER:(int) Firebird API version number
MAX_BLOB_SEGMENT_SIZE:
 (int) Max size for BLOB segment

Types

Basic types

fdb.ibase.STRING

alias of ctypes.c_char_p

fdb.ibase.WSTRING

alias of ctypes.c_wchar_p

fdb.ibase.FB_API_HANDLE

alias of ctypes.c_uint

fdb.ibase.ISC_STATUS

alias of ctypes.c_long

fdb.ibase.ISC_STATUS_PTR

alias of fdb.ibase.LP_c_long

fdb.ibase.ISC_STATUS_ARRAY

alias of fdb.ibase.c_long_Array_20

fdb.ibase.FB_SQLSTATE_STRING

alias of fdb.ibase.c_char_Array_6

fdb.ibase.ISC_LONG

alias of ctypes.c_int

fdb.ibase.ISC_ULONG

alias of ctypes.c_uint

fdb.ibase.ISC_SHORT

alias of ctypes.c_short

fdb.ibase.ISC_USHORT

alias of ctypes.c_ushort

fdb.ibase.ISC_UCHAR

alias of ctypes.c_ubyte

fdb.ibase.ISC_SCHAR

alias of ctypes.c_char

fdb.ibase.ISC_INT64

alias of ctypes.c_long

fdb.ibase.ISC_UINT64

alias of ctypes.c_ulong

fdb.ibase.ISC_DATE

alias of ctypes.c_int

fdb.ibase.ISC_TIME

alias of ctypes.c_uint

class fdb.ibase.ISC_TIMESTAMP
timestamp_date

Structure/Union member

timestamp_time

Structure/Union member

class fdb.ibase.GDS_QUAD_t
gds_quad_high

Structure/Union member

gds_quad_low

Structure/Union member

fdb.ibase.GDS_QUAD

alias of fdb.ibase.GDS_QUAD_t

fdb.ibase.ISC_QUAD

alias of fdb.ibase.GDS_QUAD_t

class fdb.ibase.ISC_ARRAY_BOUND
array_bound_lower

Structure/Union member

array_bound_upper

Structure/Union member

class fdb.ibase.ISC_ARRAY_DESC
array_desc_bounds

Structure/Union member

array_desc_dimensions

Structure/Union member

array_desc_dtype

Structure/Union member

array_desc_field_name

Structure/Union member

array_desc_flags

Structure/Union member

array_desc_length

Structure/Union member

array_desc_relation_name

Structure/Union member

array_desc_scale

Structure/Union member

class fdb.ibase.ISC_BLOB_DESC
blob_desc_charset

Structure/Union member

blob_desc_field_name

Structure/Union member

blob_desc_relation_name

Structure/Union member

blob_desc_segment_size

Structure/Union member

blob_desc_subtype

Structure/Union member

class fdb.ibase.isc_blob_ctl
ctl_bpb

Structure/Union member

ctl_bpb_length

Structure/Union member

ctl_buffer

Structure/Union member

ctl_buffer_length

Structure/Union member

ctl_data

Structure/Union member

ctl_from_sub_type

Structure/Union member

ctl_max_segment

Structure/Union member

ctl_number_segments

Structure/Union member

ctl_segment_length

Structure/Union member

ctl_source

Structure/Union member

ctl_source_handle

Structure/Union member

ctl_status

Structure/Union member

ctl_to_sub_type

Structure/Union member

ctl_total_length

Structure/Union member

class fdb.ibase.bstream
bstr_blob

Structure/Union member

bstr_buffer

Structure/Union member

bstr_cnt

Structure/Union member

bstr_length

Structure/Union member

bstr_mode

Structure/Union member

bstr_ptr

Structure/Union member

fdb.ibase.BSTREAM

alias of fdb.ibase.bstream

fdb.ibase.FB_BLOB_STREAM

alias of fdb.ibase.LP_bstream

class fdb.ibase.paramdsc
dsc_address

Structure/Union member

dsc_dtype

Structure/Union member

dsc_flags

Structure/Union member

dsc_length

Structure/Union member

dsc_scale

Structure/Union member

dsc_sub_type

Structure/Union member

class fdb.ibase.paramvary
vary_length

Structure/Union member

vary_string

Structure/Union member

ISC_TEB

class fdb.ibase.ISC_TEB
db_ptr

Structure/Union member

tpb_len

Structure/Union member

tpb_ptr

Structure/Union member

XSQLVAR

class fdb.ibase.XSQLVAR
aliasname

Structure/Union member

aliasname_length

Structure/Union member

ownname

Structure/Union member

ownname_length

Structure/Union member

relname

Structure/Union member

relname_length

Structure/Union member

sqldata

Structure/Union member

sqlind

Structure/Union member

sqllen

Structure/Union member

sqlname

Structure/Union member

sqlname_length

Structure/Union member

sqlscale

Structure/Union member

sqlsubtype

Structure/Union member

sqltype

Structure/Union member

XSQLDA

class fdb.ibase.XSQLDA
sqld

Structure/Union member

sqldabc

Structure/Union member

sqldaid

Structure/Union member

sqln

Structure/Union member

sqlvar

Structure/Union member

version

Structure/Union member

fdb.ibase.XSQLDA_PTR

alias of fdb.ibase.LP_XSQLDA

USER_SEC_DATA

class fdb.ibase.USER_SEC_DATA
dba_password

Structure/Union member

dba_user_name

Structure/Union member

first_name

Structure/Union member

gid

Structure/Union member

group_name

Structure/Union member

last_name

Structure/Union member

middle_name

Structure/Union member

password

Structure/Union member

protocol

Structure/Union member

sec_flags

Structure/Union member

server

Structure/Union member

uid

Structure/Union member

user_name

Structure/Union member

RESULT_VECTOR

fdb.ibase.RESULT_VECTOR

alias of fdb.ibase.c_uint_Array_15

Callbacks

class fdb.ibase.FB_SHUTDOWN_CALLBACK

ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(UNCHECKED(c_int), c_int, c_int, POINTER(None))

class fdb.ibase.ISC_CALLBACK

ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None)

class fdb.ibase.ISC_PRINT_CALLBACK

ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None, c_void_p, c_short, STRING)

class fdb.ibase.ISC_VERSION_CALLBACK

ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None, c_void_p, STRING)

class fdb.ibase.ISC_EVENT_CALLBACK

ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None, POINTER(ISC_UCHAR), c_ushort, POINTER(ISC_UCHAR))

class fdb.ibase.blobcallback
blob_get_segment

Structure/Union member

blob_handle

Structure/Union member

blob_lseek

Structure/Union member

blob_max_segment

Structure/Union member

blob_number_segments

Structure/Union member

blob_put_segment

Structure/Union member

blob_total_length

Structure/Union member

Other globals

charset_map:Dictionary that maps DB CHAR SET NAME to PYTHON CODEC NAME (CANONICAL)
fdb.ibase.ISC_TRUE
fdb.ibase.ISC_FALSE

Functions

Classes

fbclient_API

class fdb.ibase.fbclient_API(fb_library_name=None)

Firebird Client API interface object. Loads Firebird Client Library and exposes API functions as member methods. Uses ctypes for bindings.

isc_event_block(event_buffer, result_buffer, *args)

Injects variable number of parameters into C_isc_event_block call

BLR Constants

Note

BLR data types are defined in fdb.ibase

Main BLR codes

  • blr_inner
  • blr_left
  • blr_right
  • blr_full
  • blr_gds_code
  • blr_sql_code
  • blr_exception
  • blr_trigger_code
  • blr_default_code
  • blr_raise
  • blr_exception_msg
  • blr_exception_params
  • blr_sql_state
  • blr_version4
  • blr_version5
  • blr_eoc
  • blr_end
  • blr_assignment
  • blr_begin
  • blr_dcl_variable
  • blr_message
  • blr_erase
  • blr_fetch
  • blr_for
  • blr_if
  • blr_loop
  • blr_modify
  • blr_handler
  • blr_receive
  • blr_select
  • blr_send
  • blr_store
  • blr_label
  • blr_leave
  • blr_store2
  • blr_post
  • blr_literal
  • blr_dbkey
  • blr_field
  • blr_fid
  • blr_parameter
  • blr_variable
  • blr_average
  • blr_count
  • blr_maximum
  • blr_minimum
  • blr_total
  • blr_add
  • blr_subtract
  • blr_multiply
  • blr_divide
  • blr_negate
  • blr_concatenate
  • blr_substring
  • blr_parameter2
  • blr_from
  • blr_via
  • blr_parameter2_old
  • blr_user_name
  • blr_null
  • blr_equiv
  • blr_eql
  • blr_neq
  • blr_gtr
  • blr_geq
  • blr_lss
  • blr_leq
  • blr_containing
  • blr_matching
  • blr_starting
  • blr_between
  • blr_or
  • blr_and
  • blr_not
  • blr_any
  • blr_missing
  • blr_unique
  • blr_like
  • blr_rse
  • blr_first
  • blr_project
  • blr_sort
  • blr_boolean
  • blr_ascending
  • blr_descending
  • blr_relation
  • blr_rid
  • blr_union
  • blr_map
  • blr_group_by
  • blr_aggregate
  • blr_join_type
  • blr_agg_count
  • blr_agg_max
  • blr_agg_min
  • blr_agg_total
  • blr_agg_average
  • blr_parameter3
  • blr_agg_count2
  • blr_agg_count_distinct
  • blr_agg_total_distinct
  • blr_agg_average_distinct
  • blr_function
  • blr_gen_id
  • blr_prot_mask
  • blr_upcase
  • blr_lock_state
  • blr_value_if
  • blr_matching2
  • blr_index
  • blr_ansi_like
  • blr_scrollable
  • blr_run_count
  • blr_rs_stream
  • blr_exec_proc
  • blr_procedure
  • blr_pid
  • blr_exec_pid
  • blr_singular
  • blr_abort
  • blr_block
  • blr_error_handler
  • blr_cast
  • blr_pid2
  • blr_procedure2
  • blr_start_savepoint
  • blr_end_savepoint

Other BLR codes

  • blr_domain_type_of
  • blr_domain_full
  • blr_date
  • blr_plan
  • blr_merge
  • blr_join
  • blr_sequential
  • blr_navigational
  • blr_indices
  • blr_retrieve
  • blr_relation2
  • blr_rid2
  • blr_set_generator
  • blr_ansi_any
  • blr_exists
  • blr_record_version
  • blr_stall
  • blr_ansi_all
  • blr_extract
  • blr_continue
  • blr_forward
  • blr_backward
  • blr_bof_forward
  • blr_eof_backward
  • blr_extract_year
  • blr_extract_month
  • blr_extract_day
  • blr_extract_hour
  • blr_extract_minute
  • blr_extract_second
  • blr_extract_weekday
  • blr_extract_yearday
  • blr_extract_millisecond
  • blr_extract_week
  • blr_current_date
  • blr_current_timestamp
  • blr_current_time
  • blr_post_arg
  • blr_exec_into
  • blr_user_savepoint
  • blr_dcl_cursor
  • blr_cursor_stmt
  • blr_current_timestamp2
  • blr_current_time2
  • blr_agg_list
  • blr_agg_list_distinct
  • blr_modify2
  • blr_current_role
  • blr_skip
  • blr_exec_sql
  • blr_internal_info
  • blr_nullsfirst
  • blr_writelock
  • blr_nullslast
  • blr_lowcase
  • blr_strlen
  • blr_strlen_bit
  • blr_strlen_char
  • blr_strlen_octet
  • blr_trim
  • blr_trim_both
  • blr_trim_leading
  • blr_trim_trailing
  • blr_trim_spaces
  • blr_trim_characters
  • blr_savepoint_set
  • blr_savepoint_release
  • blr_savepoint_undo
  • blr_savepoint_release_single
  • blr_cursor_open
  • blr_cursor_close
  • blr_cursor_fetch
  • blr_cursor_fetch_scroll
  • blr_croll_forward
  • blr_croll_backward
  • blr_croll_bof
  • blr_croll_eof
  • blr_croll_absolute
  • blr_croll_relative
  • blr_init_variable
  • blr_recurse
  • blr_sys_function
  • blr_auto_trans
  • blr_similar
  • blr_exec_stmt
  • blr_exec_stmt_inputs
  • blr_exec_stmt_outputs
  • blr_exec_stmt_sql
  • blr_exec_stmt_proc_block
  • blr_exec_stmt_data_src
  • blr_exec_stmt_user
  • blr_exec_stmt_pwd
  • blr_exec_stmt_tran
  • blr_exec_stmt_tran_clone
  • blr_exec_stmt_privs
  • blr_exec_stmt_in_params
  • blr_exec_stmt_in_params2
  • blr_exec_stmt_out_params
  • blr_exec_stmt_role
  • blr_stmt_expr
  • blr_derived_expr
  • blr_procedure3
  • blr_exec_proc2
  • blr_function2
  • blr_window
  • blr_partition_by
  • blr_continue_loop
  • blr_procedure4
  • blr_agg_function
  • blr_substring_similar
  • blr_bool_as_value
  • blr_coalesce
  • blr_decode
  • blr_exec_subproc
  • blr_subproc_decl
  • blr_subproc
  • blr_subfunc_decl
  • blr_subfunc
  • blr_record_version2
  • blr_gen_id2